Sarolt

{{Infobox royalty|consort = yes

| title = Grand Princess of the Hungarians

| name = Sarolt

| image = Chronicon Pictum P037 Szent István születése.JPG

| caption = Stephen's birth depicted in the Illuminated Chronicle

| succession =

| reign = before 972 – {{c.}} 997

| spouse = Géza of Hungary

| issue = Judith of Hungary
Margaret, Tsaritsa of Bulgaria
Saint Stephen
Grimelda of Hungary
Sarolt?, Queen of Hungary

| royal house = House of Arpad

| father = Gyula of Transylvania

| mother =

| birth_date = c. 950

| birth_place =

| death_date = c. 1008

| death_place =

| place of burial=St. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Székesfehérvár[http://mek.oszk.hu/04000/04092/html/ Hankó Ildikó: Királyaink tömegsírban]

| religion = Eastern Christianity

}}

Sarolt ({{c.}} 950 – c. 1008) was the wife of Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians.

She was born a daughter of Zombor (or Gyula II), gyula of Transylvania, second in rank among the leaders of the Hungarian tribal federation.{{cite book|title=DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Hungary|first=Craig|last=Turp|publisher=Penguin|year=2007|isbn=9780756649241}}

Sarolt exerted a powerful influence on her husband which allowed her to also influence his government."In these days, he [Saint Adalbert] sent [a letter] to the High Prince of the Magyars, or rather to his wife who had been holding the whole country in her power with a hand of a man, and who had been governing everything owned by her husband" (Bruno of Querfurt: Sancti Adalberti Pragensis episcopi et martyris vita altera). She was watched with suspicion by Catholic missionaries."Christian faith made its start under her direction, but the sullied religion mingled with paganism, and this idle and faint Christianity was turning worse than barbarism" (Bruno of Querfurt: Sancti Adalberti Pragensis episcopi et martyris vita altera). The chronicles accused her of drinking insatiably and even committing manslaughter.

Sarolt and her husband received baptism late in life. They raised their son as a Christian and changed his name from Vajk to Stephen as a sign of their faith.{{cite book|editor1-last=Commire|editor1-first=Anne|title=Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia|date=2002|publisher=Yorkin Publications|location=Waterford, Connecticut|isbn=0-7876-4074-3|chapter-url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sarolta-fl-900s|chapter=Sarolta (fl. 900s)|page=806}} After her husband's death in 997, one of his distant cousins, Koppány, who declared his claim to the leadership of the Magyars against her son, Stephen (Vajk), wanted to marry Sarolt, referring to the Hungarian tradition. Koppány, nevertheless, was defeated, and shortly afterward Sarolt's son was crowned as the first King of Hungary.

Ancestry and early life

Sarolt was the daughter of a gyula who reportedly converted to Byzantine Christianity in Constantinople after 950,{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} and who then established the first Christian mission in Hungary. It is likely that his family and household, including his daughter Sarolt was baptised in the Byzantine rite, too.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

It is unsure whether Sarolt's father was named Gyula or Zombor, but he was the gyula of Transylvania and as such, the second-highest-ranking leader in the Hungarian tribal federation after the Grand Prince of the Hungarians. He was a grandson of Tétény (also known as Töhötöm or Tühütüm), one of the seven chieftains of the Hungarians who led the seven tribes of the Hungarians when they arrived in the Carpathian Basin.

According to the Gesta Hungarorum, Sarolt had a sister named Karold and a brother. This brother can be identified as Gyula III.

Sarolt was born around 950 (based on the birth years of her children). Her name is of Turkic origins (Šar-oldu) and means white stoat.Béla Kálmán, [https://books.google.com/books?id=5axiAAAAMAAJ&q=white+weasel The world of names: a study in Hungarian onomatology], Akadémiai Kiadó, 1978, p. 41 She was married to Géza around 970, which was likely also the start of his rule as Grand Prince of the Hungarians. Géza was a great-grandson of Árpád, who led the Hungarian tribes during the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin.

Marriage and children

Married to Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians (c. 945 – 997)

Sources

  • Kristó Gyula - Makk Ferenc: Az Árpád-ház uralkodói (IPC Könyvek, 1996)
  • Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9-14. század), főszerkesztő: Kristó Gyula, szerkesztők: Engel Pál és Makk Ferenc (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1994)

References