Saturnina Hidalgo

{{Infobox person

|name = Saturnina Hidalgo

|image = Saturnina mercado.jpg

|alt =

|caption =

|birth_name = Saturnina Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

|birth_date = {{birth date|1850|6|4}}

|birth_place = Calamba, La Laguna, Captaincy General of the Philippines, Spanish Empire

|death_date = {{death date and age|1913|9|14|1850|6|4}}

|death_place = Tanauan, Batangas, Philippine Islands

|nationality = Filipino

|restingplace = Manila North Cemetery, Manila, Philippines

|other_names = Saturnina Rizal
Saturnina Mercado

|known_for =

|occupation =

|spouse = Manuel T. Hidalgo

|relatives = José Rizal (brother)
Paciano Rizal (brother)
Trinidad Rizal (sister)

|parents = Francisco Rizal Mercado (father)
Teodora Alonso Realonda (mother)

}}

Saturnina Rizal Mercado de Hidalgo (June 4, 1850 – September 14, 1913; née Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda), or simply Saturnina Hidalgo, was the eldest sister of Philippine national hero José Rizal. She was married to Manuel T. Hidalgo, a native and one of the richest persons in Tanauan, Batangas. She was known as Neneng.

Because of her brother José's early interest in obstetrics, Saturnina – along with her mother and eight sisters – shared health concerns and sought medical advice from him. While he ultimately chose a different path, the women of the family encouraged Rizal in the direction of gynecology and obstetrics because of the high rates of maternal death and sickness from various women's diseases Filipinas experienced. In one letter, Hidalgo wrote:

I am sending you news that I now have two children, the eldest is Alfredo, next is Adela, and now I am eight months pregnant. Study well how you may be of assistance to our situation, certainly with so many of us there will always be someone suffering the hardships of this sickness.{{Cite news|last=Reyes|first=Rachel A.G.|date=August 1, 2017|title=José Rizal and birth control|work=The Manila Times|url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2017/08/01/opinion/analysis/jose-rizal-and-birth-control/341726/}}

An article documenting the emergence of Western medicine in the Philippines and healthcare consumption among wealthy Filipinas around the turn of the 20th century discussed gynecologist Felipe Zamora's diagnosis that Hidalgo possessed a "swollen, out of place, and dirty" uterus.{{Cite journal|last=REYES|first=RAQUEL A. G.|date=2012|title=Modernizing the Manileña: Technologies of conspicuous consumption for the well-to-do woman, circa 1880s—1930s|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=46|issue=1|pages=193–220|doi=10.1017/S0026749X1100062X|jstor=41330659|s2cid=145190752|issn=0026-749X|url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/16895/1/Moderniszing%20the%20Manilena.pdf}}

File:Rizal's oil painting of his sister Saturnina.jpg.]]

In 1890, she initially begged her brother, José, to remedy the political situation in which her husband, whom she called Maneng, became deported to Bohol for his alliance with Rizal, a letter from later that year revealed her change of heart. When her husband was sent into exile a second time, this time to Mindoro, she assured Rizal she had refrained from crying. She wrote: "I have been inured to the pain of separation, especially when I consider that all this cruelty and misfortune will be for the good of all. My faith has become stronger because of everything you told me."{{Cite journal|last=Llanes|first=Ferdinand C.|date=1999-03-01|title=Propagandista and Deportado: Return to the Motherland, Ca. 1888–1892|journal=Asian and Pacific Migration Journal|language=en|volume=8|issue=1–2|pages=83–100|doi=10.1177/011719689900800105|s2cid=145777012|issn=0117-1968}}

In 1909, Hidalgo published the first Tagalog/Filipino translation (by Pascual H. Poblete) of her brother's revolutionary novel Noli Me Tángere, thus, ensuring Rizal's words became accessible, beyond elite Spanish-speaking circles, to the common Filipino.{{Cite journal|last=TESTA-DE OCAMPO|first=ANNA MELINDA|date=2011|title=The Afterlives of the Noli me tángere|journal=Philippine Studies|volume=59|issue=4|pages=495–527|jstor=42634694|issn=0031-7837}}

File:Family mausoleum of José Rizal Saturnina Hidalgo Rizal CNE 01.jpg]]

She died on September 14, 1913.