Scandoromani language

{{Short description|Para-Romani dialect spoken by the Romanisael}}

{{use mdy dates|date=July 2020}}

{{Expand Norwegian|Norsk romani}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Scandoromani

| altname =

| nativename =

| states = Norway, Sweden, Denmark

| speakers = c. 100–150

| date = 2014

| ref = {{Harvcoltxt|Carling|Lindell|Ambrazaitis|2014|p=5}}

| speakers2 = Speakers mostly elderly. More people speak Swedish with some Roma vocabulary.

| familycolor = mixed

| family = Para-Romani, mixed Romani–Scandinavian

| nation = recognised minority language in
{{NOR}} (1993)
{{SWE}} (1999)

| lc1 = rmg

| ld1 = Traveller Norwegian

| lc2 = rmu

| ld2 = Tavringer Romani (Sweden)

| lc3 = rmd

| ld3 = Traveller Danish

| glotto = trav1236

| glottoname = Norwegian

| glottorefname = Traveller Norwegian

| glotto2 = tavr1235

| glottoname2 = Swedish

| glottorefname2 = Tavringer Romani

| glotto3 = trav1237

| glottoname3 = Danish

| glottorefname3 = Traveller Danish

| notice = IPA

}}

Scandoromani is a Para-Romani dialect spoken by the Romanisæl, a subgroup of the Romani people in Norway (c. 100–150 elderly Scandoromani speakers), and Sweden.

Subforms are referred to as:

• The Norwegian Romani language or Traveller Norwegian ({{lang|rmg|tavringens rakripa}}, lit. 'Traveller's language'),{{cite web|url=http://www.lor.no/lor/spraak.htm|title=Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok|last=Karlsen|first=Ludvig|website=Landsorganisasjonen for Romanifolket|language=no, rmg|access-date=November 18, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517183211/http://www.lor.no/lor/spraak.htm|archive-date=May 17, 2008}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/cloud/rmg|title=Traveller Norwegian in the Language Cloud|website=Ethnologue|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}} Norwegian: {{lang|no|romani}} or {{lang|no|norsk romani}} (Norwegian Romani), in Norway (the Romani language of the Norwegian Roma is referred to as {{lang|no|romanes}} in Norwegian);
• The Swedish Romani language or Tavringer Romani,{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/cloud/rmu|title=Tavringer Romani in the Language Cloud|website=Ethnologue|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}} Traveller Swedish or Tattare,{{Cite web|url=http://languageserver.uni-graz.at/ls/lang?id=4511|title=Tavringer Romani|website=LLOW Language Server|access-date=January 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615065020/http://languageserver.uni-graz.at/ls/lang?id=4511|archive-date=June 15, 2011}} Swedish: {{lang|sv|svensk romani}} (Swedish Romani), in Sweden;
• Traveller Danish †{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rmd|title=Traveller Danish|website=Ethnologue|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}} in Denmark.

Like Angloromani in Britain and Caló in Spain, Scandoromani draws upon a vocabulary of inflected Romani. Much of the original Romani grammar, however, has been lost to the users, and they now communicate in Swedish or Norwegian grammar.

There is no standardised form of Scandoromani, so variations exist in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage, depending on the speaker. In print, Scandoromani words are often written with Swedish (S) or Norwegian (N) letters (ä, æ, ø, å) and letter combinations to represent Romani sounds, e.g., tj- ({{IPAslink|ɕ}}) or kj- ({{IPAslink|ç}} alt. {{IPAslink|tʃ}}) to represent the Romani č {{IPAslink|tʃ}} and čh {{IPAslink|tʃʰ}}. Some examples of Scandoromani variant spellings are: {{Lang|rmu|tjuro}}{{Harvcoltxt|Resande Folkets Riksorganisation|2006}} (S) / {{Lang|rmu|kjuro}} (N) 'knife'; {{Lang|rmu|gräj}} (S) / {{Lang|rmu|grei}} (N) 'horse'.