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Scaphander

{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Scaphander lignarius 001.jpg

|image_caption = Three preserved specimens of Scaphander lignarius, from left to right, the anterior, anterior, and posterior ends are at the top of the image

|taxon = Scaphander

|authority = Linnaeus, 1758

|synonyms_ref =

|synonyms =

  • Assula Schumacher, 1817
  • Brocktonia Iredale, 1915 (junior subjective synonym)
  • Bucconia Dall, 1890
  • Bulla (Bullocardia) F. Nordsieck, 1972
  • Bulla (Scaphander) Montfort, 1810 (superseded combination)
  • Gioenia Bruguière, 1789 unavailable name (suppressed by ICZN Opinion 287)
  • Meloscaphander Schepman, 1913 ·
  • Scaphander (Bucconia) Dall, 1890
  • Scaphander (Sabatina) Dall, 1908
  • Tricla Philippson, 1788 (Invalid: Placed on the Official Index by ICZN Opinion 287)

|type_species = Bulla lignaria Linnaeus, 1758

|display_parents = 3

}}

Scaphander is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Scaphandridae, the canoe bubbles.{{WRMS species|137871 |Scaphander (Linnaeus, 1758)|27 October 2024}}

Description

(Described as Meloscaphander) The shell is ovate, convex in its upper part, and tapers below, with a low, slightly exserted spire. The aperture is large but shorter than the shell, and the columella is moderately curved and thick. The surface is sculpted with rows of spiral pits. {{cite book |last1=Schepman |first1=M.M. |title=The Prosobranchia, Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia Tectibranchiata of the Siboga Expedition. Part VI. Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia Tectibranchiata, Tribe Bullomorpha |date=1913 |publisher=Siboga-Expeditie. 49f |page=464|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34450774}}

(Described as Scaphander (Sabatina) ) In most, if not all, species of this proposed subgenus, the callosity on the body does not form a distinct "fold." Instead, it appears as an amorphous mass, which sometimes may be granular, smooth, or occasionally tubercular in texture. While the typical fossil species seems to have an interiorly produced callus, the recent species differ notably from Bellardi’s fossil. They not only lack the same callus characteristics but also exhibit a globose shell shape rather than the pyriform shape seen in the fossil. For these globose recent species, I propose the name Sabatina, with Scaphander sabatina planeticus Dall, 1908 as the type. These species possess an animal capable of fully retracting into the shell, with gastroliths identical to those found in Scaphander lignarius. {{cite journal |last1=Dall |first1=W.H. |title=Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer "Albatross," during 1891, Lieut.-Commander Z.L. Tanner, U.S.N., commanding. XXXVII. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer "Albatross", from October, 1904 to March, 1905, Lieut.-Commander L.M. Garrett, U.S.N., commanding. XIV. The Mollusca and Brachiopoda. |journal=Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology |date=1908 |volume=43 |issue=6 |page=240 |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28878051 |access-date=29 October 2024}}

Species

Species within the genus Scaphander include:

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

{{div col end}}

;Species brought into synonymy:

  • Scaphander alatus''Dall, 1895: synonym of Scaphander mundus'' Watson, 1883
  • † Scaphander alaskensis Clark 1932:B. L. Clark. 1932. Fauna of the Poul and Yakataga Formations (Upper Oligocene) of Southern Alaska. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 43:797-846 synonym of † Acila gettysburgensis alaskensis (B. L. Clark, 1932)
  • Scaphander attenuatus Schepman, 1913: synonym of Scaphander cancellatus E. von Martens, 1902 (junior subjective synonym)
  • Scaphander bathymophilus Dall, 1881: synonym of Sabatia bathymophila (Dall, 1881) (superseded combination)
  • Scaphander brownii Leach, 1852: synonym of Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Scaphander cumingii A. Adams, 1862: synonym of Philine cumingii (A. Adams, 1862) (original combination)
  • Scaphander cylindrellus Dall, 1908: synonym of Cylichnium cylindrellum (Dall, 1908) (original combination)
  • † Scaphander duseni Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992: synonym of † Kaitoa duseni (Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992)
  • Scaphander fragilis (Habe, 1952): synonym of Eoscaphander fragilis Habe, 1952
  • Scaphander gibbulus Jeffreys, 1856: synonym of Weinkauffia gibbula (Jeffreys, 1856): synonym of Weinkauffia turgidula (Forbes, 1844) (original combination)
  • Scaphander giganteus Risso, 1826: synonym of Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Scaphander japonicus Adams, 1862: synonym of Nipponoscaphander japonicus (A. Adams, 1862) (superseded combination, original combination)
  • Scaphander librarius Lovén, 1846: synonym of Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842)
  • Scaphander loisae Bullis, 1956: synonym of Scaphander bathymophilus (Dall, 1881)
  • Scaphander mulitstriata Brazier, 1877: synonym of Scaphander multistriatus Brazier, 1877: synonym of Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862 (incorrect gender of species epithet)
  • Scaphander multistriatus Brazier, 1877: synonym of Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862
  • Scaphander niveus R. B. Watson, 1883: synonym of Sabatia nivea (R. B. Watson, 1883) (original combination)
  • Scaphander pilsbryi McGinty, 1955: synonym of Scaphander darius Marcus & Marcus, 1967
  • Scaphander pustulosus Dall, 1895: synonym of Sabatia pustulosa Dall, 1895 (original combination)
  • Scaphander robustus Okutani, 1966: synonym of Sabatia robusta (Okutani, 1966) (superseded combination)
  • Scaphander sibogae (Schepman, 1913): synonym of Scaphander attenuatus Schepman, 1913 (invalid: junior secondary homonym of Scaphander sibogae Schepman, 1913)
  • Scaphander stigmatica Dall, 1927: synonym of Scaphander nobilis Verrill, 1884
  • Scaphander subglobosa Schepman, 1913: synonym of Scaphander subglobosus Schepman, 1913 (original spelling; incorrect gender agreement of specific epithet)
  • Scaphander subglobosus Schepman, 1913: synonym of Scaphander cancellatus E. von Martens, 1902
  • Scaphander takedai (Habe, 1981): synonym of Sabatia takedai (Habe, 1981) (superseded combination)
  • Scaphander targionius Risso, 1826: synonym of Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Scaphander vicinus E. A. Smith, 1906: synonym of Scaphander mundus R. B. Watson, 1883 (junior subjective synonym)

References

{{Reflist}}

  • [https://archive.today/20130105140539/http://zipcodezoo.com/Key/Animalia/Scaphander_Genus.asp ZipCodeZoo]
  • Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 {{ISBN|0-00-216906-1}}

External links

  • [https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0642/report.pdf Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642] {{PD-notice}}
  • [https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1605/5667 Serge GOFAS, Ángel A. LUQUE, Joan Daniel OLIVER, José TEMPLADO & Alberto SERRA (2021) - The Mollusca of Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic Ocean); European Journal of Taxonomy 785: 1–114]
  • [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107415 Siegwald, J., Oskars, T. R., Kano, Y. & Malaquias, M. A. E. (2022). A global phylogeny of the deep-sea gastropod family Scaphandridae (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea): Redefinition and generic classification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 169: 107415]
  • {{cite journal |last1=Eilertsen M.H. & Malaquias M.A. |title=Systematic revision of the genus Scaphander (Gastropoda, Cephalaspidea) in the Atlantic Ocean, with a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis. |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |date=2013 |volume=167 |issue=3 |pages=389–429 |doi=10.1111/zoj.12013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12013|url-access=subscription }}

{{Commons category}}

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Category:Scaphandridae