Scharführer
{{Short description|German military title or rank}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox military rank
| name = Scharfuhrer
| image = 150px
| caption = Gorget patch
| image2 = {{nowrap|100px 100px}}
| image3 =
| caption2 = Shoulder and camo insignia
| country = {{flag|Nazi Germany}}
| service branch = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Schutzstaffel.svg}} Schutzstaffel
{{flagicon image|SA-Logo.svg}} Sturmabteilung
{{flagicon image|NSKK Hausflagge.svg}} National Socialist Motor Corps
{{flagicon image|NSFK Wimpel Fördernde Mitglieder.svg}} National Socialist Flyers Corps
| abbreviation = Scharf
| rank =
| NATO rank =
| Non-NATO rank =
| formation = 1921
| abolished = 1945
| higher rank = Oberscharführer
| lower rank = Unterscharführer
| equivalents = Unterfeldwebel
| history =
}}
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 192-025, KZ Mauthausen, SS-Scharführer.jpg]]
Scharführer ({{IPA|de|ˈʃaːɐ̯fyːʁɐ|}}, {{literally|Squad leader}}) was a title or rank used in early 20th century German military terminology. In German, Schar was one term for the smallest sub-unit, equivalent to (for example) a "troop", "squad", or "section". The word führer simply meant "leader".
The term Scharführer can be traced to World War I, when it was referred to a NCO in charge of several shock troopers, or other special forces soldiers.
It was, however, used far more widely by Nazi Party paramilitary organizations, such as the Schutzstaffel, National Socialist Flyers' Corps, National Socialist Motor Corps, and the Sturmabteilung, between 1925 and 1945 and became strongly associated with them.
Nazi usage
Scharführer is most recognizable as a rank of the SS and title of the SA. Scharführer was first used as a title in the Sturmabteilung (SA) as early as 1921 and became an actual rank in 1928. Scharführer was the first non-commissioned officer rank of the SA, and was denoted by a single pip centered on a collar patch. In 1930, veteran Scharführer were appointed to the new rank of SA-Oberscharführer, denoted by an additional silver stripe to the Scharführer collar patch.{{sfn|Flaherty|2004|p=148}}
The Schutzstaffel (SS) used the same insignia for Scharführer as the SA, but the level of rank changed in 1934 with a reorganization of the SS rank structure.{{sfn|Flaherty|2004|p=148}}{{sfn|McNab|2009|p=30}} At that time, the old rank of SS-Scharführer became known as SS-Unterscharführer with the title of SS-Scharführer becoming equivalent to an SA-Oberscharführer. The rank of SS-Truppführer was removed from the SS, to be replaced by SS-Oberscharführer and the new rank of SS-Hauptscharführer. The early Waffen-SS created an even higher rank, known as SS-Sturmscharführer.{{sfn|McNab|2009|pp=29, 30}}
Within the SA, Scharführer was senior to the rank of SA-Rottenführer while in the SS, a Scharführer was senior to that of SS-Unterscharführer.{{sfn|McNab|2009|p=30}} The rank of Scharführer was also used by other Nazi Party organizations; among them the National Socialist Flyers Corps (NSFK), National Socialist Motorist Corps (NSKK) and the Hitler Youth (HJ).
==Insignia==
SS-Scharführer h.svg|Shoulder strap
SS-Scharführer
(SS-Oberjunker)
HJ-Scharführer.svg|HJ Shoulder strap
NSFK-Scharführer.svg|NSFK Gorget patches
NSKK-Scharführer.svg|NSKK Gorget patch
SA-Scharführer.svg|SA Gorget patch
SS-Scharführer.svg|SS Gorget patches
UFw Scha OR5a cam slv 1945.svg|SS smock insignia
| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0.5em auto; clear: both;" |
| width="30%" align="center"|Junior rank Unterscharführer |width="40%" align="center"|SS rank |width="30%" align="center"|Senior rank |
| width="30%" align="center"|Junior rank Rottenführer |width="40%" align="center"|SA rank |width="30%" align="center"|Senior rank |
See also
Notes
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book | last = Flaherty | first = T. H. | title = The Third Reich: The SS | publisher = Time-Life Books, Inc | year = 2004 | orig-year = 1988 | isbn = 1-84447-073-3 }}
- {{cite book | last = McNab | first = Chris | title = The SS: 1923–1945 | publisher = Amber Books Ltd | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-1-906626-49-5 }}
{{refend}}
{{Nazi Germany Paramilitary Ranks}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Scharfuhrer}}