Schendylidae

In 2014, a phylogenetic analysis based on morphological and molecular data found this family to be paraphyletic with respect to the family Ballophilidae. Authorities now deem Ballophilidae to be a synonym of Schendylidae. The family Schendylidae now includes at least 47 genera and 310 described species.

{{Cite web| title=Schendylidae Report

| url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=154405

| website=Integrated Taxonomic Information System

| access-date=2018-02-23

}}

{{Cite web| title=Schendylidae Overview

| url=http://eol.org/pages/6385/overview

| website=Encyclopedia of Life

| access-date=2018-02-23

}}

Centipedes in this family feature second maxillae with claws that are often fringed by small spines or rows of filaments. Sternal pores are usually present, most often in a single field. Each coxopleuron most often has only one or two pores.

Compared to most other families in the suborder Adesmata, this family features a modest number of leg-bearing segments and limited variation in this number within each species (usually no more than three or four contiguous odd numbers).{{Cite journal|last1=Minelli|first1=Alessandro|last2=Bortoletto|first2=Stefano|date=1988-04-01|title=Myriapod metamerism and arthropod segmentation|url=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1988.tb00448.x|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=33|issue=4|pages=323–343|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1988.tb00448.x|issn=0024-4066|url-access=subscription}} This family includes the two species that feature the fewest legs (27 pairs) in the order Geophilomorpha: males in the species Schendylops ramirezi have only 27 pairs of legs, while females have 29, and males in the species S. oligopus have 27 or 29 (usually 29), while females have 31.{{Cite journal |last=Pereira |first=Luis Alberto |date=2013-01-01 |title=Discovery of a second geophilomorph species (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) having twenty-seven leg-bearing segments, the lowest number recorded up to the present in the centipede order Geophilomorpha |url=https://www.scielo.br/j/paz/a/vDNx5fTKGg4DDzmT9TGwhWn/ |journal=Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia |language=en |volume=53 |issue=13 |pages=163–185 |doi=10.1590/S0031-10492013001300001 |issn=1807-0205 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free |hdl=11336/3449}} Furthermore, S. ramirezi is one of only two species in this order in which females have only 29 leg pairs (the other species, Dinogeophilus oligopodus, is also in this family{{Cite journal |last=Bonato |first=Lucio |last2=Minelli |first2=Alessandro |last3=Drago |first3=Leandro |last4=Pereira |first4=Luis Alberto |date=2015-09-25 |title=The phylogenetic position of Dinogeophilus and a new evolutionary framework for the smallest epimorphic centipedes (Chilopoda: Epimorpha) |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/ctoz/84/3/article-p237_4.xml |journal=Contributions to Zoology |volume=84 |issue=3 |pages=237–253 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08403004 |issn=1875-9866|hdl=11577/3146565 |hdl-access=free }}{{Cite web |last1=Bonato |first1=L. |last2=Chagas Junior |first2=A. |last3=Edgecombe |first3=G.D. |last4=Lewis |first4=J.G.E. |last5=Minelli |first5=A. |last6=Pereira |first6=L.A. |last7=Shelley |first7=R.M. |last8=Stoev |first8=P. |last9=Zapparoli |first9=M. |date=2016 |title=Dinogeophilus oligopodus Pereira, 1984 |url=https://chilobase.biologia.unipd.it/searches/result_species/3809 |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda)}} and has 29 in each sex). Several other species in this family are known from specimens with notably few leg pairs in each sex, including Schendlya antici (29 in males and 31 in females),{{Cite journal |last=Stojanović |first=Dalibor Z. |last2=šEvić |first2=Mirko |last3=Makarov |first3=Slobodan E. |date=2024-03-07 |title=A new dwarf schendylid centipede (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Schendylidae) with a low number of legs from Serbia, Balkan Peninsula |url=https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5419.3.5 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=5419 |issue=3 |pages=401–418 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5419.3.5 |issn=1175-5334|url-access=subscription }} Mesoschendyla javanica (31 in males and 31 or 33 in females),{{Cite journal |last1=Popovici |first1=George |last2=Akkari |first2=Nesrine |last3=Edgecombe |first3=Gregory D. |date=2025-05-23 |title=Redescription of Mesoschendyla javanica (Attems, 1907) and its first records from Borneo (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae) |journal=Biodiversity Data Journal |language=en |volume=13 |pages=e156917 |doi=10.3897/BDJ.13.e156917 |issn=1314-2828 |pmc=12125604 |pmid=40453373 |doi-access=free}} and Escaryus cryptorobius (as few as 31 in males and 33 in females).{{Cite journal |last1=Pereira |first1=Luis A. |last2=Hoffman |first2=Richard L. |date=1993 |title=The American species of Escaryus, a genus of holoarctic centipeds (Geophilomorpha: Schendylidae) |url=https://www.vmnh.net/content/vmnh/uploads/PDFs/research_and_collections/jeffersoniana/jeffersoniana_number_3.pdf |journal=Jeffersoniana |volume=3 |pages=1–72}} Among all the other families in the order Geophilomorpha, only the family Geophilidae (including Aphilodontidae, Dignathodontidae, Linotaeniidae, and Macronicophilidae) includes centipedes with so few legs.{{cite journal |last1=Bonato |first1=Lucio |date=2014 |title=Phylogeny of Geophilomorpha (Chilopoda) inferred from new morphological and molecular evidence |journal=Cladistics |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=485–507 |doi=10.1111/cla.12060 |pmid=34794246 |s2cid=86204188 |doi-access=free}}{{Cite book |last1=Bonato |first1=Lucio |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/812207443 |title=The Myriapoda. Volume 1 |last2=Edgecombe |first2=Gregory D. |last3=Zapparoli |first3=Marzio |publisher=Brill |year=2011 |isbn=978-90-04-18826-6 |editor-last=Minelli |editor-first=Alessandro |location=Leiden |pages=363–443 |chapter=Chilopoda – Taxonomic overview |oclc=812207443}}

Many species in the family Schendylidae are notable for their small sizes. The most extreme examples are the two species in the South American genus Dinogeophilus, which range from 4.5 to 5.5 mm in length. These species are the smallest not only in the order Geophilomorpha but also among all epimorphic centipedes.

{{div col|colwidth=16em}}

• Algunguis
• Apunguis
• Australoschendyla R.E.Jones, 1896
• Bimindyla
• Ctenophilus
• Cymochilus
• Dinogeophilus Silvestri, 1909
• Escaryus Cook & Collins, 1891
• Espagnella
• Falcaryus
• Gosendyla
• Haploschendyla
• Holitys
• Hydroschendyla
• Leptoschendyla
• Marsikomerus Attems, 1938
• Mesoschendyla Attems, 1909
• Mexiconyx
• Momophilus
• Morunguis
• Nannophilus
• Nannopodellus
• Nesonyx
• Nyctunguis Chamberlin, 1914
• Orygmadyla
• Parunguis
• Pectiniunguis Bollman, 1889
• Plesioschendyla Ribaut, 1923
• Schendyla Bergsøe & Meinert, 1866
• Schendylellus
• Schendylops Cook, 1899
• Serrunguis
• Sogodes
• Sogolabis
• Thindyla

{{div col end}}

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• {{Cite book

| last1 = Foddai | first1 = Donatella

| last2 = Dallai | first2 = Romano

| date = 1995

| title = Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Pauropoda, Symphyla

| publisher = Calderini

}}

• {{Cite book

| editor-last1 = Capinera | editor-first1 = John L.

| date = 2008

| title = Encyclopedia of Entomology

| publisher = Springer

| isbn = 978-1402062421

}}

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Category:Geophilomorpha

Category:Centipede families

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