Login
Login

Scorpaenoidei

{{Short description|Suborder of ray-finned fishes}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Early Eocene|recent}}

| image = Scorpaena-porcus1.jpg

| image_caption = Scorpaena porcus

| taxon = Scorpaenoidei

| authority = Garman, 1899{{cite web | url = https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=266367 | title = Suborder Scorpaenoidei Garman 1899 (perch-like fish) | access-date = 17 December 2021 | publisher = Fossilworks}}

| subdivision_ranks = Families

| subdivision = See text

}}

Scorpaenoidei is a suborder of ray-finned fishes, part of the order Perciformes, that includes the scorpionfishes, lionfishes and velvetfishes. This suborder is at its most diverse in the Pacific and Indian Oceans but is also found in the Atlantic Ocean.

Taxonomy

Scorpaenoidei was first named as a suborder in 1899 by the American ichthyologist Samuel Garman{{cite web | url = https://www.mindat.org/taxon-P65850.html | title = Scorpaenidae | access-date = 28 October 2021 | publisher = Hudson Institute of Mineralogy | work = mindat}} as a suborder of the Perciformes. Some authorities still treat the suborder as being part of the Perciformes{{cite journal | author1 = Ricardo Betancur-R | author2 = Edward O. Wiley | author3 = Gloria Arratia | author4 = Arturo Acero | author5 = Nicolas Bailly | author6 = Masaki Miya | author7 = Guillaume Lecointre | author8 = Guillermo Ortí | display-authors = 3 | title =Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 17 | issue = 162 | year = 2017 | doi = 10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3| doi-access = free | pmc = 5501477 }} but the 5th Edition of Fishes of the World recognises the Scorpaeniformes as a valid order and places this suborder within it. The subfamilies of the family Scorpaenidae are treated as families by some authors. It has been argued by some authors that the suborder is paraphyletic and that a more correct classification is that the grouping, with some differences, be placed on the superfamily Scorpaenoidea.{{cite journal | author = Hisashi Imamura | year = 2004 | title = Phylogenetic Relationships and New Classification of the Superfamily Scorpaenoidea (Actinopterygii: Perciformes) | journal = Species Diversity | volume = 9 | pages = 1–36 | url = https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/specdiv/9/1/9_KJ00004963844/_pdf/-char/en}}

The earliest known member of the suborder is the Early Eocene-aged Eosynanceja, which is also one of the earliest known perciforms. A well-preserved skeleton of an indeterminate scorpaenoid is also known from the Early Eocene-aged Monte Bolca site in Italy.{{Cite journal |last=Near |first=Thomas J. |last2=Thacker |first2=Christine E. |date=2024-04-18 |title=Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii) |url=https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-peabody-museum-of-natural-history/volume-65/issue-1/014.065.0101/Phylogenetic-Classification-of-Living-and-Fossil-Ray-Finned-Fishes-Actinopterygii/10.3374/014.065.0101.full |journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History |volume=65 |issue=1 |doi=10.3374/014.065.0101 |issn=0079-032X}}{{Cite journal |last=Marrama |first=Giuseppe |last2=Bannikov |first2=Alexandre F. |last3=Carnevale |first3=Giorgio |date=2020 |title=An Eocene scorpionfish from Monte Postale (Bolca Lagerstätte, northeastern Italy) |url=https://www.paleoitalia.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/02_Maramma_et_al_2020_BSPI_592.pdf |journal=Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=105-112}}

Families and subfamilies

The suborder Scorpaenoidei is classified into families and subfamilies in the 5th Edition of Fishes of the World as follows:{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=J. S. Nelson |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages= 468–475 |publisher=Wiley |ISBN= 978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ }}{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp | year = 2014 | title = Family-group names of Recent fishes | url = https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3882.1.1/10480 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue = 2 | pages = 001–230 | access-date = 2020-02-21 | archive-date = 2021-03-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210310195213/https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3882.1.1/10480 | url-status = dead }}

Suborder Scorpaenoidei

Characteristics

Scorpaenoidei is rather varied grouping of around 470 species of moderately-sized fishes which have 24 to 44 vertebrae and the ribs towards the head are either absent or rigidly attached to the spine.{{cite web | url = https://www.britannica.com/animal/scorpaeniform/Form-and-function#ref1043778 | title = Scorpaeniformes | access-date = 28 October 2021 | publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica}}

Distribution and habitat

Scorpaenoidei are found in all the tropical and temperate oceans of the world but most species are found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The suborder includes benthic and pelagic species and marine and freshwater species.

Venom

Scorpaenoidei contains some of the most venomous fish species known, including lionfishes, stonefishes and other scorpionfishes. Velvetfishes are also venomous.

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1144699}}

Category:Taxa named by Samuel Garman

Category:Ray-finned fish suborders