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Scorzonera

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}

{{For|the vegetable black salsify|Pseudopodospermum hispanicum}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Scorzonera purpurea rosea0.jpg

| image_caption = Scorzonera purpurea

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| taxon = Scorzonera

| authority = L.

| synonyms_ref = {{Cite web |title=Scorzonera L. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30092856-2 |access-date=2023-09-26 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}

| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}}

  • Achyroseris Sch.Bip.
  • Arachnospermum F.W.Schmidt
  • Avellara Blanca & C.Díaz
  • Fleischeria Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss.
  • Podospermum DC.
  • Yildirimlia Kılıç

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}}

Image:Scorzonera humilis.jpg]]

Scorzonera is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae.{{cite book |author= Bremer, K.|title= Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification|publisher= Timber Press, Portland |year=1994 |isbn= 978-0-88192-275-2 }}[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=129894 Scorzonera.] Flora of North America.

Species of the genus are found in Europe, Asia, and Africa.Duran, A. and E. Hamzaoglu. (2004). [http://biologia.savba.sk/59_1_04/duran_a.pdf A new species of Scorzonera (Asteraceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey.] Biologia-Bratislava 59(1), 47-50. Its center of diversity is in the Mediterranean.Karaer, F. and F. Celep. (2007). [http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJB/article/viewFile/1502/1467 Rediscovery of Scorzonera amasiana Hausskn. and Bornm. – A threatened endemic species in Turkey.] Bangladesh Journal of Botany 36(2), 139-44.

Scorzonera is recorded as a food plant for the larva of the nutmeg, a species of moth.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Scorzonera:{{Cite web |title=Scorzonera L. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30092856-2 |access-date=2023-09-26 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}

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Etymology

One possible origin of the genus name is the French scorzonère ("viper's grass").

Secondary metabolites

Some Scorzonera species contain lactones, including members of the guaianolide class of sesquiterpene lactones.{{cite journal | year = 2010 | author = Zidorn, C. | title = Sesquiterpene lactones and their precursors as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae | volume = 69 | issue = 12 | pages = 2270–96 | issn = 0031-9422 | journal = Phytochemistry | doi = 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.06.013| pmid = 18715600 }} Flavonoids found in Scorzonera include apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin.{{cite journal | year = 2010 |author1=Sareedenchai, V. |author2=C. Zidorn | title = Flavonoids as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae | volume = 38 | issue = 5 | pages = 935–57 | issn = 0305-1978 | journal = Biochemical Systematics and Ecology | doi = 10.1016/j.bse.2009.09.006|bibcode=2010BioSE..38..935S }} Other secondary metabolites reported from the genus include caffeoylquinic acids, coumarins, lignans, stilbenoids, and triterpenoids.{{cite journal | year = 2010 |author=Jehle, M. | title = Natural products from Scorzonera aristata (Asteraceae) | volume = 5 | pages = 725–27 | issn = 1934-578X | journal = Natural Product Communications| issue = 5 |display-authors=etal| doi = 10.1177/1934578X1000500510 | pmid = 20521536 | doi-access = free }} One unique class of stilbenoid derivative was first isolated from Scorzonera humilis. They were named the tyrolobibenzyls after Tyrol in the eastern Alps, where the plant was collected.{{cite journal | year = 2000 |author=Zidorn, C. | title = Tyrolobibenzyls ‒ Novel secondary metabolites from Scorzonera humilis | volume = 83 | issue = 11 | pages = 2920–25 | issn = 0018-019X | journal = Helvetica Chimica Acta|display-authors=etal| doi = 10.1002/1522-2675(20001108)83:11<2920::AID-HLCA2920>3.0.CO;2-5 }}

References

{{Commons category|Scorzonera}}

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Category:Asteraceae genera

Category:Cichorieae