Scotland, PA#Adaptation

{{About|the 2001 film|the community in Pennsylvania|Scotland, Pennsylvania}}

{{Infobox film

| name = Scotland, PA

| image = ScotlandPAdvd.jpg

| caption = DVD cover for the film

| screenplay = Billy Morrissette

| based_on = Macbeth
by William Shakespeare

| starring = Maura Tierney
James LeGros
Christopher Walken

| director = Billy Morrissette

| producer = Richard Shepard
Jonathan Stern

| music = Anton Sanko

| cinematography = Wally Pfister

| editing = Adam Lichtenstein

| distributor = Lot 47 Films

| released = {{Film date|2001|1|22|Sundance}}

| country = United States

| runtime = 104 minutes

| language = English

| budget =

}}

Scotland, PA is a 2001 American black comedy crime film written and directed by Billy Morrissette as a modernized retelling of Macbeth.{{cite news |last1=Kehr |first1=Dave |title=AT THE MOVIES |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/08/movies/at-the-movies.html |access-date=25 February 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=8 February 2002}} The film stars James LeGros, Maura Tierney, and Christopher Walken. The Shakespearean tragedy, originally set in Dunsinane Castle in 11th-century Scotland, is reworked into a dark comedy set in 1975,{{sfn|Fedderson|Richardson|2008|pp=311–313}} centered on "Duncan's Cafe", a fast-food restaurant in the small town of Scotland, Pennsylvania. The film was shot in Halifax, Nova Scotia.{{cite news |last1=Druckenbrod |first1=Andrew |title=On Film: Highway 81 Revisited |url=https://old.post-gazette.com/movies/20020308scotside4.asp |access-date=25 February 2023 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=March 8, 2002 |quote=Morrissette captured the essence of Pennsylvania's Scotland and the surrounding area without even filming there. The movie was shot in Halifax, Nova Scotia, but it's such an accurate portrait that he surely must have stopped in Scotland at least once.}}{{cite web |title=Film and {{as written|Telev|ison [sic]}} Industry Booming |url=https://novascotia.ca/news/release/?id=20010308004 |website=Film Development News Releases |publisher=Nova Scotia |access-date=25 February 2023 |language=en |date=March 8, 2001}}

Plot

In 1975, Duncan's, a fast-food restaurant owned by Norm Duncan in the tiny hamlet of Scotland, Pennsylvania, hosts a variety of workers.{{cite web |last1=Bowman |first1=James |title=Scotland, PA |url=https://eppc.org/publication/scotland-pa/ |website=Ethics & Public Policy Center |access-date=25 February 2023 |date=February 7, 2002}}{{cite web |last1=Sasser |first1=Tyler |title=Strode Shakespeare Film Series: Program Notes for 'Scotland, PA' |url=https://nrhelms.org/2016/01/12/if-spring-2016/ |website=Nicholas Ryan Helms |access-date=25 February 2023 |language=en |date=12 January 2016}} Joe “Mac” McBeth is passed over for a promotion to manager by Douglas McKenna, who has been embezzling the restaurant's money. Three stoned hippies, one a fortune teller, inform Mac that they see a bank drive-thru style restaurant in his future as management. Mac and his wife Pat then play informants on McKenna, and Duncan recognizes the value of Mac's efforts on behalf of the restaurant. Duncan shares with the McBeths his plans to turn his failing burger joint into a drive-thru, and Mac realizes how profitable the drive-thru could be, after which Duncan is hit in the head with a refrigerator door and passes out briefly. Pat then decides to murder Duncan in a staged robbery. Mac and Pat attack Duncan to acquire the combination to the restaurant's safe, and Mac assaults Duncan, but is distracted by a vision of the three hippies, allowing Duncan to fall head first into a deep fryer that splatters and burns Pat's hand. Investigator McDuff arrests a local homeless man, to whom Pat has given Duncan's jewelry, and the restaurant is willed to Duncan's eldest son, Malcolm. Malcolm sells the restaurant to the McBeths who immediately realize Mac's ideas, and the restaurant's business takes off.

Investigator McDuff returns to Scotland, where the homeless man is cleared, and the McBeths focus their attention on Malcolm. Banko, Mac's friend, questions why Mac had never mentioned the drive-thru concept. Mac grows withdrawn and paranoid and on a hunting trip contemplates killing off Banko, but a vision of the three hippies dressed as deer distracts him. Pat becomes obsessed with her burn injury and accuses people of staring at her repulsive-looking hand, though no scar is visible. Mac then kills Banko with the homeless man's gun, and the body is discovered while new celebrity Mac gives a press conference. Mac calls on an hallucination of Banko to ask a question at the press conference and loses his sanity as the town watches on TV. He then returns to the woods to look for the hippies while Pat becomes deluded into thinking her hand is falling off. Mac then completely loses his sanity, answering and talking on the phone when no one is on the other end. In one conversation, the hippies suggest he kill McDuff's family. Mac grabs the sheriff's gun and orders the officer to call McDuff to the restaurant, where he then shoots McDuff, but the gun proves to be empty. They then wrestle for the inspector's gun on the roof of the restaurant and both fall off. Mac is impaled on the horns of his car. Pat self-medicates with alcohol, but then cuts her hand off and bleeds to death. McDuff takes over the restaurant, fulfilling his dream of working with food.

Cast

James Le Gros as Joe 'Mac' McBeth, Macbeth
Maura Tierney as Pat McBeth, Lady Macbeth
Christopher Walken as Lieutenant McDuff, Macduff
Kevin Corrigan as Anthony 'Banko' Banconi, Banquo
James Rebhorn as Norm Duncan, Duncan
Tom Guiry as Malcolm Duncan, Malcolm
Amy Smart as Stacy (Hippie #1), Three Witches
Timothy Levitch as Hector (Hippie #2), Three Witches
Andy Dick as Jesse (Hippie #3), Three Witches
Billy Morrissette as man walking his dog in front of the diner at the start of the film

Production

In South Windsor, Connecticut, his hometown, "I (Morrissette) was 16 and worked at Dairy Queen, and I hated my boss. I had read 'Macbeth' that same year and started telling people that this play would be hysterical if it took place in a fast food restaurant and everyone in the restaurant is named Mac".{{cite news |last1=Holmes |first1=Emory |title=Toil and Trouble With Fries on the Side |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-03-ca-holmes3-story.html |access-date=25 February 2023 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=3 February 2002}}{{cite news |last1=Malanowski |first1=Jamie |title=FILM; 'Macbeth,' Droll and Deep Fried |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/03/movies/film-macbeth-droll-and-deep-fried.html |access-date=25 February 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=3 February 2002}} Morrissette completed the script in 1998.

=Press kit=

The press kit for the movie was printed in the form of a CliffsNotes booklet,{{sfn|Ebert|2002}} written by Professor David Linton of Marymount Manhattan College,{{sfn|Burt|2003|pp=20–21}} which is what Morrissette was reading when he was studying Shakespeare.

=Music=

The soundtrack is made up of Bad Company songs{{sfn|Lehmann|2003|pp=245–247}} because, in Morrissette's words, "the band's catalogue was surprisingly inexpensive".

Reception

The film holds a score of 59% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 73 reviews, as of May 2025. The consensus reads: "Though it's not as good as it could have been, Scotland, PA shows cleverness at utilizing its premise."{{cite news |title=Scotland, PA |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/scotland_pa |access-date=9 May 2025 |work=Rotten Tomatoes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509021230/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/scotland_pa |archive-date=9 May 2025 |language=en}}

Orlando Weekly called it "high-spirited", with "era-hopping giddiness"and "a rib-poking gambol".{{cite news |title=Do fries go with that Shakespeare? |url=https://www.orlandoweekly.com/movies-tv/do-fries-go-with-that-shakespeare-2308322 |access-date=25 February 2023 |work=Orlando Weekly |date=March 7, 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225073929/https://www.orlandoweekly.com/movies-tv/do-fries-go-with-that-shakespeare-2308322 |archive-date=25 February 2023 |language=en}}

The New York Observer called it "a trailer-trash version of Macbeth that should be avoided like an Elizabethan pox" and "grubby low-budget sendup of 70s pop culture".{{cite news |title=Arnold Up Against Bruce |url=https://observer.com/2002/02/arnold-up-against-bruce/ |access-date=25 February 2023 |work=The New York Observer |date=18 February 2002 |quote=a trailer-trash version of Macbeth that should be avoided like an Elizabethan pox. Joe and Pat McBeth (James Le Gros and Maura Tierney) are a waitress and short-order cook in a greasy fast-food joint with ambitions to operate a traveling French-fry truck with chicken bits and dipping sauce. First they must murder Duncan, the owner, by frying him alive in deep fat. Not clever enough to be a satire and not creatively sound enough to be a viable revisionist drama, this grubby low-budget sendup of 70’s pop culture}}

Movieguide called it "a hilarious, modern re-telling of William Shakespeare's great tragic play" and a "morality tale".{{cite web |title=SCOTLAND, PA |url=https://www.movieguide.org/reviews/movies/scotland-pa.html |website=Movieguide |access-date=25 February 2023 |date=13 August 2012}}

Salon called it "a one-note movie — the note being a smart-aleck adolescent's idea of a Shakespeare parody".{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Charles |title="Scotland, PA" |url=https://www.salon.com/2002/02/08/scotland_4/ |access-date=25 February 2023 |work=Salon.com |date=9 February 2002 |language=en}}

SPLICEDwire called it "deliriously funny, fast and loose, accessible to the uninitiated, and full of surprises".{{cite web |title='Scotland, PA' review (2002) Billy Morrissette, James LeGros, Christopher Walken, Maura Tierney |url=http://splicedwire.com/02reviews/scotlandpa.html |website=SPLICEDwire |access-date=25 February 2023 |date=2003}}

Awards

The film was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival in 2001.

Adaptation

In 2019 it was announced that a musical adaptation would premiere Off-Broadway at the Laura Pels Theatre by Roundabout Theatre Company.{{cite web |last1=Ross |first1=Steve |title=He Says: Roundabout Gets Lost on its Way to Scotland, PA |url=https://t2conline.com/he-says-roundabout-gets-lost-on-its-way-to-scotland-pa/ |website=Times Square Chronicles |access-date=25 February 2023 |date=26 October 2019}}{{cite web |title=An Interview with Michael Mitnick, Adam Gwon, and Billy Morrissette |url=https://www.roundabouttheatre.org/about/our-blog/an-interview-with-michael-mitnick-adam-gwon-and-billy-morrissette/ |website=roundabouttheatre |access-date=25 February 2023 |language=en |date=November 6, 2019}} The musical, directed by Lonny Price, features book by Michael Mitnick, music and lyrics by Adam Gwon, and choreography by Josh Rhodes. It starred Ryan McCartan, Taylor Iman Jones, Megan Lawrence, Jay Armstrong Johnson, Jeb Brown, Lacretta, Will Meyers, Alysha Umphress, Kaleb Wells, and David Rossmer.{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/05/scotland-pa-off-broadway-roundabout-theatre-cult-film-musical-adaptation-1202610949/|title = 'Scotland, PA' 2001 Cult Film Set for off Broadway Musical Adaptation|date = May 9, 2019}}