Scott Monument

The tower is {{convert|200|ft|6|in}} high and has viewing platforms reached by a series of spiral staircases giving panoramic views of central Edinburgh and its surroundings. The highest platform is reached by a total of 287 steps.{{cite web |title=The Scott Monument |url=https://sites.scran.ac.uk/scottmon/pages/the_monument.htm |website=SCRAN |access-date=16 May 2020 |archive-date=21 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721184920/http://sites.scran.ac.uk/scottmon/pages/the_monument.htm |url-status=live }} It is built from Binny sandstone quarried near Ecclesmachan in West Lothian.

It is placed on axis with South St. David Street, one of the two streets leading off St. Andrew Square to Princes Street, and is a focal point within that vista, its scale being large enough to screen the Old Town behind. Its size and elevated position cause it to dominate the eastern section of the Princes Street Gardens.

File:Sir Walter Scott's Monument, Edinburgh; as it appeared when nearly finished, in October 1844.jpg

File:Masons at work on the Scott Monument, c.1841-44.jpg

File:Sir Walter Scott statue at Scott Monument.jpg, located inside the Scott Monument]]

Following Scott's death in 1832, a competition was held to design a monument to him. An unlikely entrant went under the pseudonym "John Morvo", the medieval architect of Melrose Abbey. Morvo was in fact George Meikle Kemp, 45 year-old joiner, draftsman, and self-taught architect. He had feared that his lack of architectural qualifications and reputation would disqualify him, but his design was popular with the competition's judges, and they awarded him the contract to construct the monument in 1838.

John Steell was commissioned to design a monumental statue of Scott to rest in the centre space within the tower's four columns. It is made from white Carrara marble and shows Scott seated, resting from writing one of his works with a quill pen, his dog Maida by his side. The monument carries 64 figures of characters from Scott's novels, sculpted by Scots sculptors including Alexander Handyside Ritchie, John Rhind, William Birnie Rhind, William Brodie, William Grant Stevenson, David Watson Stevenson, John Hutchison, George Anderson Lawson, Thomas Stuart Burnett, William Shirreffs, Andrew Currie, George Clark Stanton, Peter Slater, Amelia Robertson Hill (who also made the statue of David Livingstone immediately east of the monument), and the otherwise unknown Katherine Anne Fraser Tytler.{{cite web| url=http://sites.scran.ac.uk/scottmon/pages/hisnovels/statues/effie_dean.htm| title=The Character Statues| publisher=The Scott Monument| access-date=27 July 2018| archive-date=4 March 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023732/http://sites.scran.ac.uk/scottmon/pages/hisnovels/statues/effie_dean.htm| url-status=live}}{{cite book| title=Buildings of Scotland: Edinburgh| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mvmDV3oeRU0C&q=tytler| first1=John| last1=Gifford| first2=Colin| last2=McWilliam| first3=David| last3=Walker| first4=Christopher| last4=Wilson| publisher=Yale University Press| year=1991| page=316| access-date=27 July 2018| isbn=978-0300096729}}

The erection of the Scott monument came at a high cost to the stone masons involved, especially to the 'hewing masons' who were responsible for preparing the blocks, with their carvings and statues. This work was done in closed sheds, where they were exposed to large quantities of dangerous fine dust. Things were not so bad for the 'building masons' who worked in the open, placing the already prepared blocks of stone. Because of the hardness of the stone (from the Binnie quarry, near Uphall to the west of Edinburgh) used for the monument and other local buildings, Edinburgh masons were especially vulnerable to phthisis, the term used at the time for silicosis. One contemporary observer says that the monument "killed twenty three of the finest hewers in Edinburgh."Tomlinson C, editor. Stone. In: The Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts. Mechanical and Chemical, Manufactures, Mining and Engineering. Vol 2 Hammer to Zirconium.London: James S.Virtue; 1854. p.741–52.{{rp|741-52}} Another mentions "one half of the whole number of masons employed" died of the lung disease.Wilson G. On the chemistry of building material. Transactions of the Architectural Institute of Scotland. Session 5 4 1854; Part 1{{rp|25-52}}K.Donaldson, W.A. Wallace, C. Henry, A. Seaton, "Death in the New Town: Edinburgh's hidden story of stonemason's silicosis." J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2017; 47: 375–83 | doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2017.416

{{Infobox UK legislation

| short_title = Monument to Sir Walter Scott Act 1841

| type = Act

| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom

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| year = 1841

| citation = 4 & 5 Vict. c. 15

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The foundation stone was laid on 15 August 1840 by Sir James Forrest of Comiston in his capacity as Lord Provost and as Grand Master Mason of Scotland.Notes of The Grampian Club 1900 Construction began in 1841 following permission by Parliament's Monument to Sir Walter Scott Act and ran for nearly four years. It was completed in the autumn of 1844, with Kemp's son placing the finial in August of the year. The total cost was just over £16,154.{{cite web |url=http://sites.scran.ac.uk/scottmon/pages/the_monument.htm |title=The Scott Monument: Introduction |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109064445/http://sites.scran.ac.uk/scottmon/pages/the_monument.htm |url-status=live }} The monument was inaugurated on 15 August 1846, but George Meikle Kemp was absent. He had fallen into the Union Canal while walking home from the site and drowned on the foggy evening of 6 March 1844.

There are 68 statues on the monument, not counting Scott and his dog Maida, and 64 are visible from the ground. Four figures are placed above the final viewing gallery and are only visible by telephoto or from the viewing gallery (at a distorted angle). In addition, eight kneeling Druid figures support the final viewing gallery. There are 32 unfilled niches at higher level.

Sixteen heads of Scottish poets and writers appear on the lower faces, at the top of the lower pilasters. The heads represent, counter-clockwise from the northwest: James Hogg, Robert Burns, Robert Fergusson, Allan Ramsay, George Buchanan, Sir David Lindsay, Robert Tannahill, Lord Byron, Tobias Smollett, James Beattie, James Thomson, John Home, Mary, Queen of Scots, King James I of Scotland, King James V of Scotland, and William Drummond of Hawthornden.

(S) represents a small figure

In the early 1990s it was proposed that the stonework should be cleaned. There were views for and against cleaning and a scientific/geological investigation, including cleaning trials on samples of stone, was carried out. It was decided not to clean the stone due to the damage it would sustain. A restoration programme was undertaken involving replacing old repairs and damaged areas with Binny stone for which purpose the original quarry was re-opened.{{cite web| url=http://sites.scran.ac.uk/scottmon/pages/mon_restoration/rest_page4.htm| title=The Monument| access-date=31 January 2012| archive-date=23 May 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523085222/http://sites.scran.ac.uk/scottmon/pages/mon_restoration/rest_page4.htm| url-status=live}} The fresh stonework contrasts with the smoke-darkened original.

The overall cost of the restoration was £2.36 million and was funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund, Historic Scotland and the City of Edinburgh Council.As stated on an information panel in the monument

The monument is now administered by the Culture and Sport division of the City of Edinburgh Council (See External Links for visitor information) who in 2016 installed a new LED lighting system. The design of the lights was "intended to highlight the monument’s architectural features with a soft warm glow" and were first illuminated on 21 September 2016.{{cite news| url=http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/our-region/edinburgh/floodlights-planned-to-light-up-scott-monument-1-4236081| title=Floodlights planned to light up Scott Monument| newspaper=Edinburgh Evening News| date=21 September 2016| access-date=27 July 2018| archive-date=28 July 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728071222/https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/our-region/edinburgh/floodlights-planned-to-light-up-scott-monument-1-4236081| url-status=dead}}

File:Edinburgh from Scott Monument.jpg

The monument is featured prominently in the 2012 film Cloud Atlas, as a location which the character Robert Frobisher frequents{{Cite web |title=Cloud Atlas - Filmed Here - Film Edinburgh |url=https://www.filmedinburgh.org/Filmed-Here/Cloud-Atlas |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=www.filmedinburgh.org |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422200917/https://www.filmedinburgh.org/Filmed-Here/Cloud-Atlas |url-status=live }}{{Citation |title=Cloud Atlas (2012) - IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1371111/locations |access-date=2023-04-22 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418012558/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1371111/locations |url-status=live }} An imagined copy of the monument is featured in the 1899 painting by James Ford, Holiday Time in Cape Town, depicting a Victorian era imagined utopian future Cape Town.{{Cite journal |last=Silver |first=Carole G. |date=2006 |editor-last=Hall |editor-first=Martin |editor2-last=Tietze |editor2-first=Anna |title=Images of Empire: Art and Artifacts in Cape Town, South Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25058751 |journal=Victorian Literature and Culture |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=335–342 |doi=10.1017/S1060150306211197 |issn=1060-1503 |jstor=25058751|url-access=subscription }}

• List of Category A listed buildings in Edinburgh
• List of tallest buildings and structures in Edinburgh

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{{Commons category}}

• [http://www.edinburghmuseums.org.uk/getdoc/f641cf5f-f68a-4ccd-9a24-6b1d2ab0424b/Visitor-Information Visitor Information, including hours of operation and admission fee]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090807113317/http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/internet/Leisure/Museums_and_galleries/Monuments/Scott_monument/CEC_the_scott_monument Information from The City of Edinburgh Council]
• [http://www.aboutbritain.com/ScottMonument.htm History of the monument]
• [http://www.electricscotland.com/history/other/kemp_george.htm Biography of George M. Kemp]
• [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3151320 Text of memorial plaque buried beneath the Monument]

{{Walter Scott}}

{{Buildings and Structures in Edinburgh}}

{{Monuments in Edinburgh}}

{{Edinburgh}}

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Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1844

Category:Category A listed buildings in Edinburgh

Category:Monuments and memorials in Edinburgh

Category:Cultural depictions of Walter Scott

Category:Observation towers in the United Kingdom

Category:Monuments and memorials to writers

Category:Cultural depictions of Robert Burns

Category:Cultural depictions of Lord Byron

Category:Cultural depictions of Rob Roy MacGregor

Category:Sculptures of dogs in the United Kingdom

Category:Sculptures of books

Category:Gothic Revival architecture in Scotland

Category:Statues of writers

Category:Animal sculptures in Scotland

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Edinburgh

Category:1844 establishments in Scotland