Secondary suite

Naming conventions vary by time-period and location but secondary suites can also be referred to as an accessory dwelling unit (ADU), mother-in-law suite, granny flat, coach house, laneway house, Ohana dwelling unit, granny annexe, granny suite, in-law suite, and accessory apartment.{{Cite book |first1=Eli |last1=Spevak |first2=Melissa |last2=Stanton |url=https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/livable-communities/livable-documents/documents-2019/ADU-guide-web-singles-071619.pdf|title=The ABCs of ADUs|publisher=AARP|year=2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://accessorydwellings.org/2012/06/04/beware-of-the-many-synonyms-for-adus/|title = The many and confusing synonyms for ADUs|date = 4 June 2012}} The prevalence of secondary suites is also dependent on time and location with varying rates depending on the country, state, or city.{{Cite journal|last1=Brinig|first1=Margaret|last2=Garnett|first2=Nicole|date=2013-01-01|title=A Room of One's Own? Accessory Dwelling Unit Reforms and Local Parochialism|url=https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_faculty_scholarship/286|volume=45 |journal=Urban Lawyer |pages=519–569 }} Furthermore, regulations on secondary suites can vary widely in different jurisdictions with some allowing them with limited regulation while others ban them entirely through zoning, limit who may live in the units (for example, family members only), or regulate if units can be rented.{{Cite web|last=Coppage|first=Jonathan|date=March 2017|title=ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS: A FLEXIBLE FREE-MARKET HOUSING SOLUTION|url=https://www.rstreet.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/89.pdf|publisher=R Street}}{{Cite web|title=Accessory Dwelling Units|url=https://www.planning.org/knowledgebase/accessorydwellings/|access-date=2021-02-21|publisher=American Planning Association}}{{Cite web|first1=Karen |last1=Chapple |first2=Jake |last2=Wegmann |first3=Farzad |last3=Mashhood |first4=Rebecca |last4=Coleman |title=Jumpstarting the Market for Accessory Dwelling Unites: Lessons Learned from Portland, Seattle, and Vancouver |url=https://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/Jumpstarting_the_Market_--_ULI.pdf|publisher=San Francisco chapter of the Urban Land Institute.}}

File:Accessory Dwelling Unit Examples.png

A secondary suite is considered "secondary" or "accessory" to the primary residence on the parcel. It normally has its own entrance, kitchen, bathroom and living area. There are three main types of accessory units: interior, interior with modification, and detached. Examples include:

• A suite above a rear detached garage (a "garage apartment, garage suite, coachhouse, or Fonzie flat"),
• A suite above the main floor of a single-detached dwelling, (an "up-and-down duplex")
• A suite below the main floor of a single-detached dwelling (a "basement suite").
• A suite attached to a single-detached dwelling at grade (similar to a "duplex", but that word implies two distinct legal parcel of land with houses that simply share a wall)
• A suite detached from the principal dwelling (a "garden suite" or "guesthouse" (called a "laneway house" if it faces the back lane)).
• A granny flat, granny annex, mother-in-law cottage and the like are generic familial names for an ADU.

• Higher density residential areas have many advantages. They require less resources for transport, heating and cooling, infrastructure and maintenance. They allow for closer-knit communities by facilitating interaction between neighbors, especially children and teenagers.
• Creating affordable housing options as secondary suites are typically small, easy to construct, and require no land acquisition.{{Cite web|last=Coppage|first=Jonathan|date=March 2017|title=ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS: A FLEXIBLE FREE-MARKET HOUSING SOLUTION|url=https://www.rstreet.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/89.pdf|publisher=R Street}}{{Cite web|last=MRSC|title=Accessory Dwelling Units Issues & Options|url=http://mrsc.org/getmedia/54c058a5-4d57-4192-a214-15f2fa5ac123/Accessory-Dwelling-Units.pdf.aspx?ext=.pdf|website=mrsc.org}}{{Cite web|last=Florida Housing Coalition|title=Accessory Dwelling Unit Guidebook|url=https://www.flhousing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ADU-Guidebook.pdf}}
• Enabling seniors to "age-in-place" by creating small and affordable units where seniors can downsize in their own neighborhood.{{Cite web|last=Communities|first=AARP Livable|title=ADUs Are Good for People and Places|url=http://www.aarp.org/livable-communities/housing/info-2019/adus-are-good-for-people-and-places.html|access-date=2021-02-21|publisher=AARP|language=english}} Some of the recent popularity of secondary suites in the United States can be attributed to the activities of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) and other organizations that support seniors.
• Supporting diverse and multi-generational households as seniors, young-adults, or other relatives can live on the same property as their families while maintaining independence and privacy.{{Cite web|title=American Planning Association|url=https://www.planning.org/login/?next=/planning/2008/jul/overextended.htm|access-date=2021-02-21|publisher=American Planning Association}}{{Cite journal|last1=Nichols|first1=Jane Louise|last2=Adams|first2=Erin|date=2013-03-01|title=The Flex-Nest: The Accessory Dwelling Unit as Adaptable Housing for the Life Span|url=https://doi.org/10.2752/204191213X13601683874136|journal=Interiors|volume=4|issue=1|pages=31–52|doi=10.2752/204191213X13601683874136|s2cid=110003613|issn=2041-9112|url-access=subscription}} For seniors, this arrangement can improve social life, allow to easily provide care, and possibly live in more walkable neighborhoods when they can no longer drive.{{Cite journal|last1=PhD|first1=Phoebe S. Liebig|last2=MSG|first2=Teresa Koenig|last3=PhD|first3=Jon Pynoos|date=2006-11-21|title=Zoning, Accessory Dwelling Units, and Family Caregiving|url=https://doi.org/10.1300/J031v18n03_11|journal=Journal of Aging & Social Policy|volume=18|issue=3–4|pages=155–172|doi=10.1300/J031v18n03_11|issn=0895-9420|pmid=17135101|s2cid=8557380|url-access=subscription}}{{Cite web |title=Making Room: Housing for a Changing America |url=https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/livable-communities/livable-documents/documents-2019/making-room-web-singles-010819.pdf |website=aarp.org}}{{Cite web|last1=Binette|first1=Joanne|last2=Vasold|first2=Kerri|title=2018 Home and Community Preferences: A National Survey of Adults Ages 18-Plus|url=http://www.aarp.org/research/topics/community/info-2018/2018-home-community-preference.html|access-date=2021-02-21|publisher=AARP|year=2018|doi=10.26419/res.00231.001|s2cid=188245934|language=english}}
• Facilitating homeownership by providing a reliable extra income that can support mortgage payments and home maintenance.{{Cite web |last= |date=June 2008 |title=Accessory Dwelling Units: Case Study |url=https://www.huduser.gov/Publications/PDF/adu.pdf |website=huduser.gov}}
• Creating sustainable and energy-efficient housing as smaller and/or attached units require fewer resources.{{Cite web|date=2011-04-21|title=Studying the Benefits of Accessory Dwelling Units|url=https://frameworks.ced.berkeley.edu/2011/accessory-dwelling-units/|access-date=2021-02-21|publisher=Frameworks|language=en-US}}
• ADUs can be integrated into the scale and character of single-family neighborhoods while also promoting workforce housing in these neighborhoods.{{Cite web|title=Promoting Workforce Housing Expanding Locations and Development Potential|url=https://www.montcopa.org/DocumentCenter/View/4121/MO_Accessory-Housing-and-Adaptive-Reuse-and-Infill?bidId=|publisher=Montgomery County Planning Commission}}
• Municipal budgets may benefit from new taxable housing that does not require new infrastructure or significant utility upgrades.

Linked properties cannot easily be sold separately. In case of shared ownership each party may require permission from the other party to make changes to the building.

In Australia, the term 'granny flat' is often used for a secondary dwelling on a property. The land is not subdivided with construction requiring approval from the council or relevant authority. The approval processes vary between States and Territories, and between councils. This is different from a dual occupancy, where two primary dwellings are developed on one allotment of land, being either attached, semi-detached or detached.{{Cite web

| author = Planning & Land Management, Territory Planning Branch

| title = Dual Occupancy Review

| year = 2002

| url = http://www.actpla.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/2162/dualreview2002.pdf

| access-date = 21 August 2008}} In 2018, New South Wales led the construction of new granny flats while Victoria had the fewest number of new granny flats constructed.{{Cite web|last=Chesher|first=Isabelle|date=2019-06-17|title=New research reveals where most granny flats in Australia are being built|url=https://www.domain.com.au/news/nsw-is-australias-granny-flat-capital-planning-restrictions-hold-other-states-back-849373/|access-date=2021-03-13|website=Domain|language=en-AU}}{{Cite web|last=HIA Economics Research Note|date=May 2019|title=No one looks after Granny better than NSW|url=https://hia.com.au/-/media/HIA-Website/Files/IndustryBusiness/Economic/discussion-papers/granny-flats-may2019.ashx?la=en&hash=D93F2C06A85950BF550A87E1BB603C07ADF8BA1E|website=Housing Industry Association (HIA)}} In 2019, the federal government launched a study concerning prefabricated buildings and smaller homes citing affordable housing, extra space for family members, and support for the construction industry as reasons for the study.{{Cite web|last=Ireland|first=Judith|date=2019-06-15|title=Morrison government's bid to grow tiny home industry|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/morrison-government-s-bid-to-grow-tiny-home-industry-20190614-p51xsu.html|access-date=2021-03-13|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}} The government set aside $2 million for the initial study and then plans to set up an innovation lab to help manufacturers design prefabricated buildings.

{{Further|Secondary suites in Canada}}

File:Laneway house in Vancouver.jpg

Secondary suites have existed in Canada since the 19th century where they took the form of coach houses, servant houses, stables converted to permanent apartments, and small apartments for young people within large houses.{{Cite web|last=Lessard|first=Guillaume|date=September 2018|title=Accessory Dwelling Units: Principles and Best Practices|url=https://www.larpent.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/AccessoryDwellingUnitsPrinciplesAndBestPractices.pdf|website=Arpent}} Secondary suites became increasingly popular during the economic crisis of 1929 and the housing shortage following WWII. During this period the Canadian government actively supported the creation of secondary suites. However, suburbanization and zoning changes in the 1950s and 60s led to a decrease in secondary suites in Canada. More recently, secondary suites are increasing in popularity and many municipalities are reexamining their regulations to support secondary suites.

The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation provides a financial assistance program to help Canadians create affordable housing for low-income seniors and adults with a disability within a secondary suite. The program is called the [https://web.archive.org/web/20060909161602/http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/co/prfinas/prfinas_002.cfm Residential Rehabilitation Assistance Program (RRAP) -- Secondary/Garden Suite]. The maximum fully forgivable loan depends on the location of the property:

• Southern areas of Canada: $24,000/unit
• Northern areas of Canada: $28,000/unit
• Far northern areas: $36,000/unit

A 25% supplement in assistance is available in remote areas.[http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/co/prfinas/prfinas_002.cfm Residential Rehabilitation Assistance Program (RRAP) -- Secondary/Garden Suite] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909161602/http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/co/prfinas/prfinas_002.cfm |date=2006-09-09 }}

After adopting legislation in 2009 to support secondary suites, Vancouver, British Columbia has become a leading city of their construction in North America.{{Cite web|last=Vancouver|first=City of|title=Create or legalize a secondary suite|url=https://vancouver.ca/home-property-development/creating-a-secondary-suite.aspx|access-date=2021-03-13|website=vancouver.ca|language=en}}{{Cite news|date=2017-11-22|title='Granny Flats' Can Densify Cities If We Let Them|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-22/how-accessory-dwellings-can-densify-cities|access-date=2021-03-13}}{{Cite web|title=20.810.060 Conversions of Existing Accessory Structures|url=https://vancouver.municipal.codes/VMC/20.810.060|access-date=2021-03-13|publisher=Vancouver Municipal Code|language=en}} In the city, approximately a third of single-family houses have legally permitted secondary suites, many of which are laneway houses.{{Cite web|date=2016-02-17|title=Why Vancouver Trounces the Rest of Cascadia in Building ADUs|url=https://www.sightline.org/2016/02/17/why-vancouver-trounces-the-rest-of-cascadia-in-building-adus/|access-date=2021-03-13|publisher=Sightline Institute|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=Incentivizing ADU Development – A Proven Housing Solution for Cities & States|url=https://www.housable.com/articles/proven-adu-housing-solution|access-date=2021-03-13|website=www.housable.com}} The Housing Policy Branch of British Columbia's Ministry of Community, Aboriginal and Women's Services published a guide for local governments to implement secondary suite programs called 'Secondary Suites: A Guide For Local Governments'.{{Cite web |url=https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/housing-and-tenancy/tools-for-government/uploads/secondary_suites.pdf |title=Secondary Suites: A Guide for Local Governments |date=September 2005 |access-date=2016-01-23 |archive-date=2016-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706044808/http://www.housing.gov.bc.ca/pub/secondary_suites.pdf |url-status=live }} The current issue is dated September 2005. The intent of the guide is to "help local governments develop and implement secondary suite programs". It also highlights good secondary suite practices as well as providing practical information to "elected officials, planners, community groups, homeowners, developers, and others interested in secondary suites".

In German speaking countries an interior secondary suite is known as an Einliegerwohnung.{{Cite web|title=§ 11 Einliegerwohnung – Rechtsportal|url=https://www.rechtsportal.de/Gesetze/Gesetze/Miet-und-Wohnrecht/Wohnungsbau-und-Familienheimgesetz/Teil-I.-Grundsaetze-Geltungsbereich-und-Begriffsbestimmungen/11-Einliegerwohnung|access-date=2021-03-13|website=www.rechtsportal.de}}

In the United Kingdom, "granny flats" are increasing in popularity with one in twenty UK households (5%) having such a space.{{Cite web|date=2020-09-11|title=1 in 3 homes are multi-generational|url=https://www.aviva.com/newsroom/news-releases/2020/09/1-in-3-homes-are-multi-generational/|access-date=2021-03-13|website=www.aviva.com|language=en-GB}} 7% of householders say they have plans to develop this type of space in the future. 27% of those surveyed were making plans for older relatives, 25% were planning for grown-up children, 24% were planning to rent as holiday lets, and 16% were planning to take in lodgers.

In Norway, particularly in the bigger cities, it is quite common to build separate adjoined smaller flats that the owner of the main flat will rent out.{{fact|date=April 2024}}

In Sweden, a friggebod is a small house or room which can be built without any planning permission on a land lot with a single-family or a duplex house.{{Cite web|last=Edwards |first=Catherine |date=2019-07-18|title=Swedish word of the day: friggebod|url=https://www.thelocal.se/20190718/swedish-word-of-the-day-friggebod/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2021-04-02|website=The Local Sweden|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2014-12-08|title=You Say 'Friggebod', I Say 'Freedom' |url=https://tinyhousefor.us/tiny-house-spotlight/you-say-friggebod-i-say-freedom/|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Tiny House for Us|language=en-US}}

File:Seattle Attached Secondary Suite.jpg]]

In the United States, secondary suites are generally referred to as accessory dwelling units or "ADUs". Zoning permissions and laws concerning accessory dwelling units can vary widely by state and municipality.{{cite web |title=Land Use and Zoning Basics |url=http://realestate.findlaw.com/land-use-laws/land-use-and-zoning-basics.html |website=findlaw.com}} Accessory dwelling units were popular in the early 20th century in the United States, but became less common after WWII when a shift to suburban development occurred and many municipalities banned ADUs through zoning regulations. With increases in the price of housing in many cities and suburbs, increased awareness of the disadvantages of low-density car-oriented development patterns, and an increased need to care for aging Americans, many government entities and advocacy groups have supported ADUs.{{Cite web |title=Accessory Dwellings |url=https://accessorydwellings.org/ |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=Accessory Dwellings |language=en}} Some critics perceive ADUs to be a threat to the character of single-family residential neighborhoods. Several states have enacted legislation to promote accessory dwelling units.

{{Main|California Senate Bill 1534 (1982)}}

In California, Government Code Sections 65852.150, 65852.2 & 65852.22 pertain to local regulation of ADUs.{{cite web | url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&division=1.&title=7.&part=&chapter=4.&article=2 | title=Codes Display Text }} SB 1069 and AB 2299 are California bills approved in 2016 and effective 1 January 2017, that limit local government authority to prohibit ADUs in certain cases (and also reduce cost and bureaucracy hurdles to construction).{{Cite web |date=2016-09-27 |title=Senate Bill No. 1069, CHAPTER 720, Land use: zoning. |url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1069 |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov}}{{Cite web |date=2016-09-27 |title=Assembly Bill No. 2299, CHAPTER 735, Land use: housing: 2nd units. |url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB2299 |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov}}{{cite news | url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/New-California-housing-laws-make-granny-units-10688483.php | title=New California housing laws make granny units easier to build | last=Pender | first=Kathleen | newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle | date=2016-12-03 | access-date=2018-07-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615083653/https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/New-California-housing-laws-make-granny-units-10688483.php | archive-date=2018-06-15 | url-status=live }}{{cite news | url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2016/09/27/california-eases-restrictions-on-granny-units/ | title=California eases restrictions on 'granny units' | last=Wong | first=Queenie | newspaper=The Mercury News |location=San Jose, Cal. | date=2016-09-27 | access-date=2018-07-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019114401/https://www.mercurynews.com/2016/09/27/california-eases-restrictions-on-granny-units/ | archive-date=2016-10-19 | url-status=live }} On 1 January 2020, the state of California passed the most lenient ADU laws in the country allowing not one but two types of accessory units, the accessory dwelling unit (ADU) and the junior accessory dwelling unit (JADU). State-exempt ADUs can now be at least {{convert|800|sqft}}, while JADUs are limited to {{convert|550|sqft}}.{{Cite web |date=December 2020 |title=Accessory Dwelling Unit Handbook |url=https://www.hcd.ca.gov/policy-research/docs/adu_december_2020_handbook.pdf |website=hcd.ca.gov}}

File:Basement Apartment Suite in Seattle.jpg

The states of Vermont{{Cite web|title=Bill Status S.237 (Act 179)|url=https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2020/S.237|access-date=2021-02-07|website=legislature.vermont.gov}}{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS|url=https://accd.vermont.gov/housing/planning/adu|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=State of Vermont Agency of Commerce and Community Development}} and New Hampshire{{Cite web|title=Accessory Dwelling Units|url=https://www.nhhfa.org/housing-challenges-solutions/accessory-dwelling-units/|access-date=2021-02-07|website=New Hampshire Housing|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE: A Guide for Municipalities|url=https://www.nhhfa.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ADU_Guide_Municipalities.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=State of New Hampshire, Housing}} have also adopted a number of bills that promote accessory dwelling units and reduce regulatory barriers to ADU construction. The State of Illinois considered, but did not adopt, HB 4869 which would have required municipalities to permit (and reasonably regulate) accessory dwelling units (ADUs).{{Cite web|title=Illinois General Assembly – Bill Status for HB4869|url=https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=4869&GAID=15&DocTypeID=HB&LegId=124933&SessionID=108&GA=101|access-date=2021-01-03|website=www.ilga.gov}}

Several local governments across the United States have enacted ordinances to both permit and promote accessory dwelling units. Some cities have included accessory dwelling units in larger missing middle housing and affordable housing strategies including Seattle,{{Cite web|date=2018-05-09|title=Neighborhood upzones for affordable housing: Q&A on proposal with Seattle mayor's adviser|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/neighborhood-upzones-for-affordable-housing-qa-on-proposal-with-seattle-mayors-adviser/|access-date=2020-04-26|website=The Seattle Times|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=SEATTLE CITY COUNCIL – Record No: CB 119444|url=http://seattle.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=3840745&GUID=7E5F305E-10DA-41F3-AE5D-66E3CAEB81B1|access-date=2020-04-26|website=seattle.legistar.com}}{{Cite web|title=SEATTLE CITY COUNCIL – Record No: CB 119544|url=https://seattle.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=3976805&GUID=6402D8F2-8188-4891-B449-A160356FFD87|access-date=2020-04-26|website=seattle.legistar.com}}{{Cite web|title=Accessory Dwelling Unit – SDCI {{!}} seattle.gov|url=https://www.seattle.gov/sdci/permits/common-projects/accessory-dwelling-units|access-date=2021-02-19|website=www.seattle.gov}} Portland,{{Cite web|title=Better Housing by Design project documents|url=https://www.portland.gov/bps/better-housing/project-documents|access-date=2021-02-13|website=Portland.gov|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=About the Residential Infill Project|url=https://www.portland.gov/bps/rip/about-project|access-date=2021-01-24|website=Portland.gov|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2020-08-11|title=Portland just passed the best low-density zoning reform in US history|url=https://www.sightline.org/2020/08/11/on-wednesday-portland-will-pass-the-best-low-density-zoning-reform-in-us-history/|access-date=2021-01-24|website=Sightline Institute|language=en-US}} and Minneapolis.{{Cite web|title=Owner-Occupancy Requirement for Accessory Dwelling Units Amendment|url=http://www2.minneapolismn.gov/cped/planning/WCMSP-226369|access-date=2021-02-19|website=www2.minneapolismn.gov|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Residential Buildings with up to Three Units|url=http://www.minneapolismn.gov/cped/planning/WCMSP-220319|access-date=2020-04-26|website=www.minneapolismn.gov|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Housing|url=https://minneapolis2040.com/topics/housing/|access-date=2020-04-26|website=minneapolis2040.com}}{{Cite web|last=Kahlenberg|first=Richard D.|date=2019-10-24|title=Minneapolis Saw That NIMBYism Has Victims|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/10/how-minneapolis-defeated-nimbyism/600601/|access-date=2020-04-26|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=Three Cheers for Minneapolis (The 3 is for Triplex)|url=https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2018/12/12/three-cheers-for-minneapolis-the-3-is-for-triplex|access-date=2021-01-24|website=Strong Towns|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=Allowing Intentional Community Cluster Developments|url=http://www.minneapolismn.gov/cped/planning/WCMSP-220394|access-date=2020-04-26|website=www.minneapolismn.gov|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=PBS NewsHour|date=23 November 2019|title=How Minneapolis became the first to end single-family zoning|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mWE9UJDRLw|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Youtube}} Many other communities have maintained wide-spread single-family zoning but still updated codes to permit accessory dwelling units. Notable examples include large cities such as Los Angeles, CA{{Cite web|title=ADU {{!}} DRP|url=https://planning.lacounty.gov/adu|access-date=2021-01-24|website=planning.lacounty.gov}} and Chicago, IL.{{Cite press release |date=16 December 2020 |title=City Council Approves Additional Dwelling Unit (ADU) Ordinance |work=City of Chicago |url=https://www.chicago.gov/content/dam/city/depts/mayor/Press%20Room/Press%20Releases/2020/December/ApprovesAdditionalDwellingUnit.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218201248/https://www.chicago.gov/content/dam/city/depts/mayor/Press%20Room/Press%20Releases/2020/December/ApprovesAdditionalDwellingUnit.pdf |archive-date=18 December 2020 }} Diverse smaller jurisdictions that permit accessory dwelling units include Lexington, KY,{{Cite web|title=ADU proposal|url=https://www.lexingtonky.gov/accessory-dwelling-units-proposal|access-date=2021-01-24|website=City of Lexington|language=en}} Santa Cruz, CA,{{cite web|title=City of Santa Cruz Accessory Dwelling Unit Development Program|url=http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/departments/planning-and-community-development/programs/accessory-dwelling-unit-development-program|access-date=29 October 2015}}{{Cite web|title=ADU|url=http://sccoplanning.com/ADU.aspx#:~:text=Accessory%20Dwelling%20Units%20(ADUs),,shortage%20and%20high%20housing%20costs.|access-date=2021-01-24|website=sccoplanning.com}} and the County of Maui in Hawaii.{{cite web|title=Maui County Zoning Code, Section 19.35|url=http://library.municode.com/index.aspx?clientId=16289&stateId=11&stateName=Hawaii|access-date=15 August 2011}}

Honolulu, Hawaii has a unique form of accessory dwelling units known as an "Ohana Dwelling Unit".{{cite web|last=City and County of Honolulu|title=Revised Ordinances of Honolulu, (ROH) Section 21-8.20|url=http://www1.honolulu.gov/council/ocs/roh/21990.pdf|work=Land use Ordinance|access-date=15 August 2011}} Ohana Dwellings were created as a permitted use in the zoning code in 1981 as a way to encourage the private sector to create more housing units (without government subsidy), preserve green fields (open space) and ease housing affordability.{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/43559663/1984-Ohana-Housing-Program-Evaluation|title=Ohana Housing Program Evaluation|date=September 1984|publisher=Honolulu: Office of Information and Complaint |access-date=15 August 2011}}{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/237847666/2014-05-09-Illegal-Dwellings-Find-Loopholes|title=Black boxes and gray spaces: how illegal accessory dwellings find regulatory loopholes.|last=Lau|first=Questor|date=May 2014|access-date=4 August 2016}}{{cite web|title=Ohana Zoning a 5 year review|url=http://lrbhawaii.info/lrbrpts/87/ohana.pdf|publisher=State of Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau|access-date=22 January 2015}} In 2015, Honolulu amended its zoning code to allows ADUs as a sort of Ohana Dwelling, but with fewer restrictions.{{Cite web|url=https://www.honolulu.gov/rep/site/ccld8/Ordinance_15-41_Bill_20_2015_CD1_Relating_to_ADUs.pdf|title=Honolulu Ordinance 15-41 Relating to Accessory Dwelling Units.}} To prevent creating further complexities for existing Ohana Dwellings, some of which have been condominimized and owned separately from the main house, Ohana Dwellings remain a permitted use (with different requirements and benefits than ADUs) in the zoning code. ADUs are an important component of Honolulu's Affordable Housing Strategy.{{Cite web|title=Implementing [Honolulu's] Affordable Housing Strategy|url=https://www.honolulu.gov/rep/site/ohou/Housing_Strategy_Handout_2-16-17.pdf|access-date=2017-07-19|publisher=Honolulu Office of Housing}}

• Bedsit
• Garage apartment
• Laneway house
• Laneway House (Toronto, 1993)
• Secondary suites in Canada

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Category:House types

Category:Urban planning