Secretary of State for Education#History
{{short description|Member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom}}{{About|2=the public office in Spain|3=Secretary of State for Education (Spain)|4=other uses|5=Education Secretary (disambiguation)}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = {{small|United Kingdom}}
Secretary of State for Education
| insignia = Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (2022, lesser arms).svg
| insigniacaption = Royal Arms of His Majesty's Government
| department = Department for Education
| image = File:Bridget Phillipson Official Cabinet Portrait, July 2024 (cropped).jpg
| incumbent = Bridget Phillipson
| incumbentsince = 5 July 2024
| style = Education Secretary
{{small|(informal)}}
The Right Honourable
{{small|(within the UK and Commonwealth)}}
| type = Minister of the Crown
| status = Secretary of State
| member_of = {{ubl|Cabinet|Privy Council}}
| reports_to = The Prime Minister
| seat = Westminster
| nominator = The Prime Minister
| appointer = The Monarch
| appointer_qualified = {{small|(on the advice of the Prime Minister)}}
| termlength = At His Majesty's Pleasure
| formation = * 5 February 1857
{{small|(as Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education)}}
- 12 May 2010:
{{small|(as Secretary of State for Education)}}
| salary = £159,038 per annum {{small|(2022)}}{{Cite web |title=Salaries of Members of His Majesty's Government – Financial Year 2022–23 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1124173/2022-12-07-Ministerial-Salaries-22-23-table.pdf |date=15 December 2022}}
(including £86,584 MP salary){{Cite web |title=Pay and expenses for MPs |url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/mps-and-lords/members/pay-mps/ |access-date=15 December 2022 |website=parliament.uk}}
| first = William Cowper-Temple
{{small|(as Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education)}}
| deputy =
| website = {{URL|https://gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-education}}
}}
{{PoliticsUK}}
The secretary of state for education, also referred to as the education secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for the work of the Department for Education.{{Cite web|title=Secretary of State for Education|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/ministers/secretary-of-state-for-education|access-date=30 June 2021|publisher=gov.uk}} The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. As education is fully devolved to the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive, the post holder has no jurisdiction or influence in education policy or direction in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland.{{cite web |title=Moving to a Devolved Administration < RAF Families Federation |url=https://www.raf-ff.org.uk/education/devolved-administrations/ |website=RAF Families Federation |access-date=30 January 2025}} Therefore, the Cabinet Secretary for Education legislates on education matters only in England.
The office holder works alongside the other Education ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for education, and the work of the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01hbbrv |title=Work of the Education Secretary Committee |work=BBC PARLIAMENT |date=30 April 2012 |access-date=21 February 2022 |quote=Recorded coverage of the Education select committee on the work of the Secretary of State with Education Secretary Michael Gove}}
The current education secretary is Bridget Phillipson.
Responsibilities
Corresponding to what is generally known as an education minister in many other countries, the education secretary's remit is concerned primarily with England. This includes:
- Early years
- Children's social care
- Teacher recruitment and retention
- The national curriculum
- School improvement
- Academies and free schools
- Further education
- Apprenticeships and skills
- Higher education
- Oversight of the departmental coronavirus (COVID-19) response
- Oversight of school infrastructure improvement{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/ministers/secretary-of-state-for-education|title=Secretary of State for Education – GOV.UK|publisher=gov.uk}}
History
A committee of the Privy Council was appointed in 1839 to supervise the distribution of certain government grants in the education field.{{cite web |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C101 |title=Records created or inherited by the Department of Education and Science, and of related bodies |work=The National Archives |access-date=26 March 2021}} The members of the committee were the Lord President of the Council, the Secretaries of State, the First Lord of the Treasury, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer. From 1857 a vice-president was appointed who took responsibility for policy.
On 1 April 1900, the Board of Education Act 1899 abolished the committee and instituted a new board, headed by a president. The members were initially very similar to the old committee and the president of the board was the Lord President of the council; however, from 1902 this ceased to be the case and the president of the board was appointed separately (although the Marquess of Londonderry happened to hold both jobs from 1903 to 1905).
The Education Act 1944 replaced the Board of Education with a new Ministry of Education.
The position of Secretary of State for Education and Science was created in 1964 with the merger of the offices of Minister of Education and the Minister of Science. The postholder oversaw the Department of Education and Science.
From June 1970 to March 1974, this post was held by future prime minister Margaret Thatcher.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/nov/21/is-gavin-williamson-the-worst-education-secretary-ever|website=The Guardian|quote=Margaret Thatcher, the only education secretary so far who went on to become prime minister|title=Is Gavin Williamson the worst education secretary ever?|first=Peter|last=Wilby|year=2020|authorlink=Peter Wilby|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223091254/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/nov/21/is-gavin-williamson-the-worst-education-secretary-ever|archivedate=2021-02-23}}
In 1992, the responsibility for science was transferred to Cabinet Office's Office of Public Service, and the department was renamed Department of Education. In 1995 the department merged with the Department of Employment to become the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) and in 2001 the employment functions were transferred to a newly created Department for Work and Pensions, with the DfEE becoming the Department for Education and Skills (DfES). In 2007 under Gordon Brown's new premiership, the DfES was split into two new departments; the Department for Children, Schools and Families, and a Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills, under two new secretaries of state.
The ministerial office of the Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills was, in late 2009, amalgamated into the new ministerial office of the resurgent politician Peter Mandelson, made a peer and given the title Lord Mandelson as the newly created Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills – itself an amalgamation of the responsibilities of the Secretaries of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform and Innovation, Universities and Skills. The Secretary of State has remit over higher education policy as well as British business and enterprise.
From 14 July 2016 to 8 January 2018 the post was held by Justine Greening, as her predecessor, Nicky Morgan, was sacked by Theresa May. Greening resigned after rejecting a reshuffle to the Department for Work and Pensions.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/uk-politics-42602570?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5a53ca5be4b0ebf516d9dbfb&Justine%20Greening%20quits%20government&&ns_fee=0#post_5a53ca5be4b0ebf516d9dbfb|title=Reshuffle: Greening quits government|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2018-01-08|language=en-GB}}
On 7 July 2022, Michelle Donelan became the shortest-serving cabinet member in British history, when she resigned as Education Secretary 35 hours after being appointed.{{cite news |last1=Gutteridge |first1=Nick |title=Minister who quit after 35 hours is in line for £17,000 payout |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2022/07/07/240000-payout-ministers-who-quit-axed-boris-johnson-coup/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=The Telegraph |date=7 July 2022}}
List of office holders
=Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education (1857–1902)=
Colour key (for political parties):
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Whig (British political party)}}|Whig|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}|Conservative|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}|Liberal|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | Vice-President of the Committee ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Party ! colspan=2 | Prime Minister |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Whig (British political party)}}" | | 60px | 5 February 1857 | 21 February 1858 | Whig | style="background-color:{{Party color|Whig (British political party)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 12 March 1858 | 11 June 1859 | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 24 June 1859 | 26 April 1864 | Liberal | style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}; border-bottom:solid 0 gray"| | rowspan=2 | Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston |
style="height:1em"
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | 60px | rowspan=2 | Henry Bruce | rowspan=2 | 26 April 1864 | rowspan=2 | 26 June 1866 | rowspan=2 | Liberal | style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}; border-top:solid 0 gray" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 26 June 1866 | 19 March 1867 | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | rowspan=2 | Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby |
style="height:1em"
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | 60px | rowspan=2 | Lord Robert Montagu | rowspan=2 | 19 March 1867 | rowspan=2 | 1 December 1868 | rowspan=2 | Conservative | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border-top:solid 0 gray" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 9 December 1868 | 17 February 1874 | Liberal | style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 2 March 1874 | 4 April 1878 | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | Benjamin Disraeli |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 4 April 1878 | 21 April 1880 |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 3 May 1880 | 9 June 1885 | Liberal | style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 24 June 1885 | 17 September 1885 | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Henry Holland, 1st Viscount Knutsford | 17 September 1885 | 28 January 1886 |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair | 13 February 1886 | 20 July 1886 | Liberal | style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 3 August 1886 | 25 January 1887 | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 25 January 1887 | 11 August 1892 |
style="height:1em"
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | 60px | rowspan=2 | Arthur Dyke Acland | rowspan=2 | 25 August 1892 | rowspan=2 | 21 June 1895 | rowspan=2 | Liberal | style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 4 July 1895 | 8 August 1902 | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury |
=President of the Board of Education (1900–1944)=
Colour key (for political parties):
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Liberal Unionist Party}}|Liberal Unionist|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}|Conservative|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}|Liberal|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}|Labour|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{Legend2|{{Party color|National Labour Organisation}}|National Labour|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | President of the Board ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Party ! colspan=2 | Prime Minister |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Unionist Party}}" | | 60px | Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire | 3 March 1900{{London Gazette|issue=27172 |page=1609 |date=9 March 1900}} | 8 August 1902 | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry | 11 August 1902 | 4 December 1905 | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | Arthur Balfour |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 10 December 1905 | 23 January 1907 | Liberal | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | Henry Campbell-Bannerman |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 23 January 1907 | 12 April 1908 | Liberal |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 12 April 1908 | 23 October 1911 | Liberal | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | rowspan=2 | H. H. Asquith |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 23 October 1911 | 25 May 1915 | Liberal |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 25 May 1915 | 18 August 1916 | Labour | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}; border-top:solid 0 gray" | | rowspan=2 | H. H. Asquith |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe | 18 August 1916 | 10 December 1916 | Liberal |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 10 December 1916 | 19 October 1922 | Liberal | style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | David Lloyd George |
style="height:1em"
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | 60px | rowspan=2 | Edward Wood | rowspan=2 | 24 October 1922 | rowspan=2 | 22 January 1924 | rowspan=2 | Conservative | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 22 January 1924 | 3 November 1924 | Labour | style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Eustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle | 6 November 1924 | 4 June 1929 | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 7 June 1929 | 2 March 1931 | Labour | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | Ramsay MacDonald |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 2 March 1931 | 24 August 1931 | Labour |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 25 August 1931 | 15 June 1932 | Liberal | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|National Labour Organisation}}" | | rowspan=2 | Ramsay MacDonald |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax | 15 June 1932 | 7 June 1935 |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 7 June 1935 | 28 May 1937 | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | Stanley Baldwin |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope | 28 May 1937 | 27 October 1938 | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | Neville Chamberlain |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|National Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr | 27 October 1938 | 3 April 1940 |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 3 April 1940 | 20 July 1941 | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | Winston Churchill |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 20 July 1941 | 10 August 1944 |
=Minister of Education (1944–1964)=
Colour key (for political parties):
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}|Conservative|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}|Labour|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | Minister ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Party ! colspan=2 | Prime Minister |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | R. A. Butler{{Cite web |title=Page 3721 {{!}} Issue 36651, 11 August 1944 {{!}} London Gazette {{!}} The Gazette |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/36651/page/3721 |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=www.thegazette.co.uk}} | 10 August 1944 | 25 May 1945 | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | Winston Churchill |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 25 May 1945 | 26 July 1945 | Winston Churchill |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 3 August 1945 | 6 February 1947 | Labour | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | Clement Attlee |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 10 February 1947 | 26 October 1951 | Labour |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 2 November 1951 | 18 October 1954 | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | rowspan=2 | Winston Churchill |
style="height:1em"
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | 60px | rowspan=2 | David Eccles | rowspan=2 | 18 October 1954 | rowspan=2 | 13 January 1957 | rowspan=2 | Conservative | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border-top:solid 0 gray" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 13 January 1957 | 17 September 1957 | rowspan=4 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=4 | Harold Macmillan |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 17 September 1957 | 14 October 1959 |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 14 October 1959 |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | rowspan=2 | 60px | rowspan=2 | Edward Boyle, Baron Boyle of Handsworth | rowspan=2 | 13 July 1962 | rowspan=2 | 1 April 1964 | rowspan=2 | Conservative |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border-top:solid 0 gray" | | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | |
=Secretary of State for Education and Science (1964–1992)=
Colour key (for political parties):
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}|Conservative|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}|Labour|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | Secretary of State ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Party ! colspan=2 | Prime Minister |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone | 1 April 1964 | 16 October 1964 | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 18 October 1964 | 22 January 1965 | Labour | rowspan=4 style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=4 | Harold Wilson |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 22 January 1965 | 29 August 1967 | Labour |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 29 August 1967 | 6 April 1968 | Labour |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 6 April 1968 | 19 June 1970 | Labour |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Margaret Thatcher{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/953/career |title=Baroness Thatcher |work=UK Parliament |access-date=28 July 2021}} | 20 June 1970 | 4 March 1974 | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Reginald Prentice{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/3261/career |title=Lord Prentice |work=UK Parliament |access-date=16 October 2021}} | 5 March 1974 | 9 June 1975 | Labour | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | Harold Wilson |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | rowspan=2 | 60px | rowspan=2 | Fred Mulley{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/2977/career |title=Lord Mulley |work=UK Parliament |access-date=16 October 2021}} | rowspan=2 | 10 June 1975 | rowspan=2 | 9 September 1976 | rowspan=2 | Labour |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}; border-top:solid 0 gray" | | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | James Callaghan |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Shirley Williams{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/740/career |title=Baroness Williams of Crosby |work=UK Parliament |access-date=16 October 2021}} | 10 September 1976 | 4 May 1979 | Labour |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 5 May 1979 | 14 September 1981 | rowspan=5 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=5 | Margaret Thatcher |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Keith Joseph{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/2976/career |title=Lord Joseph |work=UK Parliament |access-date=16 October 2021}} | 14 September 1981 | 20 May 1986 |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Kenneth Baker{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/1028/career |title=Lord Baker of Dorking |work=UK Parliament |access-date=16 October 2021}} | 21 May 1986 | 23 July 1989 |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | John MacGregor{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/131/career |title=Lord MacGregor of Pulham Market |work=UK Parliament |access-date=16 October 2021}} | 24 July 1989 | 1 November 1990 |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | rowspan=2 | 60px | rowspan=2 | Kenneth Clarke{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/366/career |title=Lord Clarke of Nottingham |work=UK Parliament |access-date=28 July 2021}} | rowspan=2 | 2 November 1990 | rowspan=2 | 9 April 1992 | rowspan=2 | Conservative |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border-top:solid 0 gray" | | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | |
=Secretary of State for Education (1992–1995)=
Colour key (for political parties):
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}|Conservative|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | Secretary of State ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Party ! colspan=2 | Prime Minister |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | John Patten{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/1137/career |title=Lord Patten |work=UK Parliament |access-date=11 August 2021}} | 10 April 1992 | 20 July 1994 | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | John Major |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Gillian Shephard{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/132/career |title=Baroness Shephard of Northwold |work=UK Parliament |access-date=11 August 2021}} | 20 July 1994 | 5 July 1995 |
=Secretary of State for Education and Employment (1995–2001)=
Colour key (for political parties):
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}|Conservative|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}|Labour|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | Secretary of State ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Party ! colspan=2 | Prime Minister |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | 5 July 1995 | 1 May 1997 | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | David Blunkett{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/395/career |title=Lord Blunkett |work=UK Parliament |access-date=11 August 2021}} | 1 May 1997 | 8 June 2001 | Labour | style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | |
=Secretary of State for Education and Skills (2001–2007)=
Colour key (for political parties):
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}|Labour|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | Secretary of State ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Party ! colspan=2 | Prime Minister |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Estelle Morris{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/305/career |title=Baroness Morris of Yardley |work=UK Parliament |access-date=11 August 2021}} | 8 June 2001 | 24 October 2002 | Labour | rowspan=4 style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=4 | Tony Blair |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Charles Clarke{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/130/career |title=Rt Hon Charles Clarke |work=UK Parliament |access-date=11 August 2021}} | 24 October 2002 | 15 December 2004 | Labour |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Ruth Kelly{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/439/career |title=Ruth Kelly |work=UK Parliament |access-date=11 August 2021}} | 15 December 2004 | Labour |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}" | | 60px | Alan Johnson{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/376/career |title=Rt Hon Alan Johnson |work=UK Parliament |access-date=11 August 2021}} | 28 June 2007 | Labour |
=Secretaries of State for Children, Schools and Families (2007–2010); and Innovation, Universities and Skills (2007–2009)=
In 2007, the education portfolio was divided between the Department for Children, Schools and Families (responsible for infant, primary and secondary education) and the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (responsible for further, higher and adult education). In 2009, the latter department was merged into the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.
==Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families==
{{Main|Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families}}
{{Excerpt|Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families|Secretary of State|hat=no}}
==Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills==
{{Main|Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills}}
{{Excerpt|Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills|Secretary of State|hat=no}}
=Secretary of State for Education (2010–present)=
The Department for Education and the post of Secretary of State for Education were recreated in 2010.
Responsibility for higher and adult education remained with the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills (Vince Cable 2010–2015, Sajid Javid 2015–2016), until reunited with the Department for Education in 2016.
Colour key (for political parties):
{{Legend2|{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}|Conservative|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | Secretary of State ! colspan=2 | Term of office !Length of term ! Party ! colspan=2 | Prime Minister |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 64px | Michael Gove{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/1571/career |title=Rt Hon Michael Gove MP |work=UK Parliament |access-date=28 July 2021}} | 12 May 2010 |{{age in years, months and days|12 May 2010|15 July 2014}} | rowspan=3 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | rowspan=2 | David Cameron |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | rowspan=2 | 86x86px | rowspan=2 | Nicky Morgan{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/4027/career |title=Baroness Morgan of Cotes |work=UK Parliament |access-date=28 July 2021}} | rowspan=2 | 15 July 2014 | rowspan=2 | 13 July 2016 | rowspan="2" |{{age in years, months and days|15 July 2014|13 July 2016}} | rowspan="2" | Conservative |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border-top:solid 0 gray" | | David Cameron |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | rowspan=2 | 86x86px | rowspan=2 | Justine Greening{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/1555/career |title=Rt Hon Justine Greening |work=UK Parliament |access-date=28 July 2021}} | rowspan=2 | 14 July 2016 | rowspan=2 | 8 January 2018 | rowspan="2" |{{age in years, months and days|14 July 2016|8 January 2018}} | rowspan="2" | Conservative | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | Theresa May |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border-top:solid 0 gray" | | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}; border-top:solid 0 gray" | | rowspan=2 | Theresa May |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | 86x86px | Damian Hinds{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/3969/career |title=Rt Hon Damian Hinds MP |work=UK Parliament |access-date=28 July 2021}} |{{age in years, months and days|8 January 2018|24 July 2019}} |
style="height:1em"
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}"| | rowspan=2 | 86x86px | rowspan=2 | Gavin Williamson{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/4108/career |title=Rt Hon Gavin Williamson MP |work=UK Parliament |access-date=28 July 2021}} | rowspan=2 | 24 July 2019 | rowspan=2 | 15 September 2021 | rowspan="2" |{{age in years, months and days|24 July 2019|15 September 2021}} | rowspan="2" | Conservative | rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | | Boris Johnson |
style="height:1em"
| rowspan=4 | Boris Johnson |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}"| | 86x86px | Nadhim Zahawi{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/4113/career |title=Nadhim Zahawi MP |work=UK Parliament |access-date=15 October 2021}} |{{age in years, months and days|15 September 2021|5 July 2022}} | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}"| | 86x86px | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}"| | 86x86px | James Cleverly{{Cite tweet|number=1544996327418986755|user=10DowningStreet|title=The Rt Hon James Cleverly MP @JamesCleverly has been appointed Secretary of State for Education @educationgovuk.}} |{{age in years, months and days|7 July 2022|6 September 2022}} | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}" | |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}"| | File:Official portrait of Kit Malthouse crop 2.jpg | Kit Malthouse{{Cite tweet|number=1567254103981543429|user=10DowningStreet|title= The Rt Hon Kit Malthouse MP @KitMalthouse as Secretary of State for Education @EducationGovUK #Reshuffle}} | 25 October 2022 |{{age in years, months and days|6 September 2022|25 October 2022}} | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}"| | Liz Truss |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}"| | 64px | 25 October 2022 | 5 July 2024 |{{age in years, months and days|25 October 2022|5 July 2024}} | style="background-color:{{Party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}"| | Rishi Sunak |
style="height:1em"
| style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}"| | 64px | 5 July 2024 | Incumbent |{{age in years, months and days|5 July 2024|{{FULLDATE|type=dmy}}}} | Labour | style="background-color:{{Party color|Labour Party (UK)}}"| | Keir Starmer |
= Timeline of education secretaries =
{{#tag:timeline|
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id:whig value:rgb(1,0.5,0) legend: Whig
id:con value:rgb(0,0.53,0.86) legend: Conservative
id:lib value:rgb(1,0.84,0) legend: Liberal
id:libun value:rgb(0.13,0.38,0.64) legend: Liberal_Unionist
id:lab value:rgb(0.86,0.08,0.18) legend: Labour
id:natlab value:rgb(0,0.5,0) legend: National_Labour
id:liteline value:gray(0.9)
id:line value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8)
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text:"Political parties:"
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bar:Cowper
bar:Adderley
bar:Lowe
bar:Bruce
bar:Lowry-Corry
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bar:Forster
bar:Sandon
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bar:Fisher
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bar:Lees-Smith
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bar:Stanley
bar:JStanhope
bar:Sackville
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bar:Butler
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bar:Wilkinson
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bar:Eccles
bar:Hogg
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bar:CClarke
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bar:Denham
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bar:Greening
bar:Hinds
bar:Williamson
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bar:Donelan
bar:Cleverly
bar:Malthouse
bar:Keegan
bar:Phillipson
PlotData=
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
bar:Cowper
from: 05/02/1857 till: 21/02/1858 color:whig text:"William Cowper-Temple"
bar:Adderley
from: 12/03/1858 till: 11/06/1859 color:con text:"Charles Adderley"
bar:Lowe
from: 24/06/1859 till: 26/04/1864 color:lib text:"Robert Lowe"
bar:Bruce
from: 26/04/1864 till: 26/06/1866 color:lib text:"Henry Bruce"
bar:Lowry-Corry
from: 26/06/1866 till: 19/03/1867 color:con text:"Henry Lowry-Corry"
bar:Montagu
from: 19/03/1867 till: 01/12/1868 color:con text:"Lord Robert Montagu"
bar:Forster
from: 09/12/1868 till: 17/02/1874 color:lib text:"William Edward Forster"
bar:Sandon
from: 02/03/1874 till: 04/04/1878 color:con text:"Viscount Sandon"
bar:Hamilton
from: 04/04/1878 till: 21/03/1880 color:con text:"Lord George Hamilton"
bar:Mundella
from: 03/05/1880 till: 09/06/1885 color:lib text:"A. J. Mundella"
bar:Stanhope
from: 24/06/1885 till: 17/09/1885 color:con text:"Edward Stanhope"
bar:Knutsford
from: 17/09/1885 till: 28/01/1886 color:con
from:03/08/1886 till:25/01/1887 color:con text:"Henry Holland"
bar:Playfair
from: 13/02/1886 till:20/07/1886 color:lib text:"Lyon Playfair"
bar:Dyke
from:25/01/1887 till:11/08/1892 color:lib text:"William Hart Dyke"
bar:Acland
from:25/08/1892 till:21/06/1895 color:lib text:"Arthur Dyke Acland"
bar:Gorst
from:04/07/1895 till:08/08/1902 color:con text:"John Eldon Gorst"
bar:Cavendish
from:03/03/1900 till:08/08/1902 color:libun text:"Spencer Cavendish"
bar:Vane-Tempest-Stewart
from:11/08/1902 till:04/12/1905 color:con text:"Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart"
bar:Birrell
from:10/12/1905 till:23/01/1907 color:lib text:"Augustine Birrell"
bar:McKenna
from:23/01/1907 till:12/04/1908 color:lib text:"Reginald McKenna"
bar:Runciman
from:12/04/1908 till:23/10/1911 color:lib text:"Walter Runciman"
bar:Pease
from:23/10/1911 till:25/05/1915 color:lib text:"Jack Pease"
bar:Henderson
from:25/05/1915 till:18/08/1916 color:lab text:"Arthur Henderson"
bar:Crewe-Milnes
from:18/08/1916 till:10/12/1916 color:lib text:"Robert Crewe-Milnes"
bar:Fisher
from:10/12/1916 till:19/10/1922 color:lib text:"Herbert Fisher"
bar:Wood
from:24/10/1922 till:22/01/1924 color:con
from:15/06/1932 till:07/06/1935 color:con text:"Edward Wood"
bar:Trevelyan
from:22/01/1924 till:03/11/1924 color:lab
from:07/06/1929 till:02/03/1931 color:lab text:"Charles Trevelyan"
bar:Percy
from:06/11/1924 till:04/06/1929 color:con text:"Eustace Percy"
bar:Lees-Smith
from:02/03/1931 till:24/08/1931 color:lab text:"Hastings Lees-Smith"
bar:Maclean
from:25/08/1931 till:15/06/1932 color:lib text:"Donald Maclean"
bar:Stanley
from:07/06/1935 till:28/05/1937 color:con text:"Oliver Stanley"
bar:JStanhope
from:28/05/1937 till:27/10/1938 color:con text:"James Stanhope"
bar:Sackville
from:27/10/1938 till:03/04/1940 color:natlab text:"Herbrand Sackville"
bar:Ramsbotham
from:03/04/1940 till:20/07/1941 color:con text:"Herwald Ramsbotham"
bar:Butler
from:20/07/1941 till:25/05/1945 color:con text:"Rab Butler"
bar:Law
from:25/05/1945 till:26/07/1945 color:con text:"Richard Law"
bar:Wilkinson
from:03/08/1945 till:06/02/1947 color:lab text:"Ellen Wilkinson"
bar:Tomlinson
from:10/02/1947 till:26/10/1951 color:lab text:"George Tomlinson"
bar:Horsburgh
from:02/11/1951 till:18/10/1954 color:con text:"Florence Horsbrugh"
bar:Eccles
from:18/10/1954 till:13/01/1957 color:con
from:14/10/1959 till:13/07/1962 color:con text:"David Eccles"
bar:Hogg
from:13/01/1957 till:17/09/1957 color:con
from:01/04/1964 till:16/10/1964 color:con text:"Quintin Hogg"
bar:Lloyd
from:17/09/1957 till:14/10/1959 color:con text:"Geoffrey Lloyd"
bar:Boyle
from:13/07/1962 till:01/04/1964 color:con text:"Edward Boyle"
bar:Stewart
from:18/10/1964 till:22/01/1965 color:lab text:"Michael Stewart"
bar:Crosland
from:22/01/1965 till:29/08/1967 color:lab text:"Anthony Crosland"
bar:Walker
from:29/08/1967 till:06/04/1968 color:lab text:"Patrick Gordon Walker"
bar:Short
from:06/04/1968 till:19/06/1970 color:lab text:"Edward Short"
bar:Thatcher
from:20/06/1970 till:04/03/1974 color:con text:"Margaret Thatcher"
bar:Prentice
from:05/03/1974 till:09/06/1975 color:lab text:"Reginald Prentice"
bar:mulley
from:10/06/1975 till:09/09/1976 color:lab text:"Fred Mulley"
bar:Williams
from:10/09/1976 till:04/05/1979 color:lab text:"Shirley Williams"
bar:Carlisle
from:05/05/1979 till:14/09/1981 color:con text:"Mark Carlisle"
bar:Joseph
from:17/09/1981 till:20/05/1986 color:con text:"Keith Joseph"
bar:Baker
from:21/05/1986 till:23/07/1989 color:con text:"Kenneth Baker"
bar:MacGregor
from:24/07/1989 till:01/11/1990 color:con text:"John MacGregor"
bar:KClarke
from:02/11/1990 till:09/04/1992 color:con text:"Kenneth Clarke"
bar:Patten
from:10/04/1992 till:20/07/1994 color:con text:"John Patten"
bar:Shephard
from:20/07/1994 till:01/05/1997 color:con text:"Gillian Shephard"
bar:Blunkett
from:01/05/1997 till:08/06/2001 color:lab text:"David Blunkett"
bar:Morris
from:08/06/2001 till:24/10/2002 color:lab text:"Estelle Morris"
bar:CClarke
from:24/10/2002 till:15/12/2004 color:lab text:"Charles Clarke"
bar:Kelly
from:15/12/2004 till:05/05/2006 color:lab text:"Ruth Kelly"
bar:Johnson
from:05/05/2006 till:28/06/2007 color:lab text:"Alan Johnson"
bar:Balls
from:28/06/2007 till:11/05/2010 color:lab text:"Ed Balls"
bar:Denham
from:28/06/2007 till:05/06/2009 color:lab text:"John Denham"
bar:Gove
from:12/05/2010 till:15/07/2014 color:con text:"Michael Gove"
bar:Morgan
from:15/07/2014 till:13/07/2016 color:con text:"Nicky Morgan"
bar:Greening
from:14/07/2016 till:08/01/2018 color:con text:"Justine Greening"
bar:Hinds
from:08/01/2018 till:24/07/2019 color:con text:"Damian Hinds"
bar:Williamson
from:24/07/2019 till:15/09/2021 color:con text:"Gavin Williamson"
bar:Zahawi
from:15/09/2021 till:05/07/2022 color:con text:"Nadhim Zahawi"
bar:Donelan
from:05/07/2022 till:07/07/2022 color:con text:"Michelle Donelan"
bar:Cleverly
from:07/07/2022 till:06/09/2022 color:con text:"James Cleverly"
bar:Malthouse
from:06/09/2022 till:25/10/2022 color:con text:"Kit Malthouse"
bar:Keegan
from:25/10/2022 till:05/07/2024 color:con text:"Gillian Keegan"
bar:Phillipson
from:05/07/2024 till:$now color:lab text:"Bridget Phillipson"
}}
References
{{reflist}}
See also
External links
{{Commons category|Secretaries of State for Education of the United Kingdom}}
- [http://www.education.gov.uk/ Department for Education]
- [http://www.bis.gov.uk/ Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS)]
{{Cabinet positions in the United Kingdom}}
{{Secretaries of State for Education}}
Category:Education in the United Kingdom