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Sedang language

{{Short description|Austroasiatic language of Laos and Vietnam}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Sedang

| states = Vietnam and Laos

| region = Kon Tum, Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Dak Lak(Vietnam)

| ethnicity = Sedang people

| speakers = {{sigfig|97,520|2}}

| date = 2007

| ref = e18

| familycolor = Austro-Asiatic

| fam2 = Bahnaric

| fam3 = North Bahnaric

| fam4 = Sedang–Todrah

| iso3 = sed

| glotto = seda1262

| glottorefname = Sedang

| notice = IPA

| map = Sedang language.jpg

}}

Sedang is an Austro-Asiatic language spoken in eastern Laos and Kon Tum Province in south central Vietnam. The Sedang language has the most speakers of any of the languages of the North Bahnaric language group, a group of languages known for their range of vowel phonations.

Phonology

=Consonants=

class=wikitable style=text-align:center

! colspan=2|

! Labial

! Alveolar

! Palatal

! Velar

! Glottal

colspan=2| Nasal

| {{IPAlink|m}}

| {{IPAlink|n}}

| {{IPAlink|ɲ}}

| {{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|

rowspan=3| Plosive

! unaspirated

| {{IPAlink|p}}

| {{IPAlink|t}}

| {{IPAlink|tɕ}}

| {{IPAlink|k}}

| {{IPAlink|ʔ}}

aspirated

| {{IPA link|pʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tɕʰ}}

| {{IPA link|kʰ}}

|

prenasalized

| {{IPA link|ᵐb}}

| {{IPA link|ⁿd}}

| {{IPA link|ᶮdʑ}}

| {{IPA link|ᵑɡ}}

|

rowspan=2| Fricative

! voiceless

| {{IPAlink|f}}

| {{IPAlink|s}}

|

| {{IPAlink|x}}

| {{IPAlink|h}}

voiced

| {{IPAlink|v}}

| {{IPAlink|z}}

|

| {{IPAlink|ɣ}}

|

colspan=2| Approximant

| {{IPAlink|w}}

| {{IPAlink|l}}

| {{IPAlink|j}}

|

|

=Vowels=

Sedang itself has 24 pure vowels: 7 vowel qualities, all of which may be plain ([a]), nasalized ([ã]), and creaky ([a̰]) and three of which /i a o/ may be both nasal and creaky ([ã̰]). While it does not have the length distinctions of other North Bahnaric languages, it has more diphthongs, between 33 and 55 vowel sounds all together. (The above set yields 50.) Sedang is thus sometimes claimed to have the largest vowel inventory in the world. However, other Bahnaric languages have more vowel qualities (Bahnar, for example, has 9) in addition to phonemic vowel length so the language with the record depends closely on how the languages are described and distinct vowels are defined.

class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! Front

! Central

! Back

High

| {{IPAlink|i}}

|

| {{IPAlink|u}}

Upper Mid

| {{IPAlink|e}}

|

| {{IPAlink|o}}

Lower Mid

| {{IPAlink|ɛ}}

|

| {{IPAlink|ɔ}}

Low

|

| {{IPAlink|a}}

|

== Diphthongs ==

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|+{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Kenneth D. |title=Phonology and Syntax of Sedang, A Vietnam Mon-Khmer Language |date=1975 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |pages=62–64}}

! Front Glide

! Central Glide

! Back Glide

/i/ Nucleus

| {{IPA|iɛ̯}}, {{IPA|ḭɛ̯}}

| {{IPA|iə̯}}, {{IPA|ḭə̯}}, {{IPA|ĩə̯̃}}, {{IPA|ḭ̃ə̯̃}}

| {{IPA|io̯}}, {{IPA|ĩõ̯}}

/u/ Nucleus

|

| {{IPA|uə̯}}, {{IPA|ṵə̯}}, {{IPA|ũə̯̃}}, {{IPA|ṵ̃ə̯̃}}

| {{IPA|uo̯}}, {{IPA|ṵo̯}}

/e/ Nucleus

|

| {{IPA|eə̯}}, {{IPA|ḛə̯}}, {{IPA|ẽə̯̃}}, {{IPA|ḛ̃ə̯̃}}

| {{IPA|eo̯}}, {{IPA|ḛo̯}}, {{IPA|ḛ̃o̯}}

/o/ Nucleus

| {{IPA|oɛ̯}}, {{IPA|o̰ɛ̯}}

| {{IPA|oə̯}}, {{IPA|o̰ə̯}}, {{IPA|õə̯̃}}

|

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Kenneth D. |date=1967 |title=Sedang dialects |journal=Bulletin de la Société des Études Indochinoises |volume=42 |pages=195–255}}
  • {{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Kenneth D. |date=1968 |title=Laryngealization and de-laryngealization in Sedang phonemics |journal=Linguistics |volume=6 |issue=38 |pages=52–69}}
  • {{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Kenneth D. |date=1969 |title=Sedang ethnodialects |journal=Anthropological Linguistics |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=143–147 |jstor=30029222}}
  • {{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Kenneth D. |date=1973 |title=More on Sedang ethnodialects |url=http://sealang.net/archives/mks/pdf/4:43-51.pdf |journal=Mon-Khmer Studies |volume=4 |pages=43–51}}
  • {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sedanggrammarpho0000smit |title=Sedang Grammar: Phonological and Syntactic Structure |last=Smith |first=Kenneth D. |date=1979 |publisher=Pacific Linguistics |isbn=978-0-85883-180-3 |series=Pacific Linguistics Series B - No. 50 |location=Canberra |doi=10.15144/pl-b50 |hdl=1885/145050 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free |url-access=registration }}
  • {{Citation |last=Lê Đông |first=Tạ Văn Thông |date=2008 |title=Từ điển Việt - Xơ Đăng |location=Hanoi |publisher=Nhà xuất bản văn hóa thông tin}}

External links

{{Wiktionary|Category:Sedang lemmas}}

  • [http://www-01.sil.org/silepubs/Pubs/928474543107/LCDD_17_Sedang_dictionary.pdf Sedang Dictionary] with English, Vietnamese, and French glossaries
  • Paul Sidwell's [https://web.archive.org/web/20110322035535/http://people.anu.edu.au/~u9907217/languages/languages.html Mon–Khmer language information] at the Australian National University.
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060303233454/http://www.anu.edu.au/~u9907217/languages/lang_images/Sedang_minimal_pair.wav Sound sample] showing the distinction between clear and creaky vowels, from the link above.
  • [http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI7524131/ Smith's dissertation ]

{{Languages of Laos}}

{{Languages of Vietnam}}

{{Austro-Asiatic languages}}

Category:Languages of Laos

Category:Languages of Vietnam

Category:Bahnaric languages

Category:Kon Tum province