Sedum lanceolatum

{{Speciesbox

| image = Sedum lanceolatum - Stephen Hornbeck 01.jpg

| image_caption = Subspecies lanceolatum, White River National Forest, Colorado

| status = {{TNCStatus}}

| status_system = TNC

| status_ref = {{sfn|NatureServe 2024}}

| genus = Sedum

| species = lanceolatum

| authority = Torr.

| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies

| subdivision_ref = {{sfn|POWO 2024a}}

| subdivision = {{Species list

| S. lanceolatum subsp. lanceolatum |

| S. lanceolatum subsp. nesioticum |

}}

| range_map = Sedum lanceolatum range map.png

| range_map_caption = The range of Sedum lanceolatum in western North America

| synonyms_ref = {{sfn|POWO 2024a}}

| synonyms = {{Species list

| Amerosedum lanceolatum |

| Sedum lanceolatum subsp. typicum |

}}

Sedum lanceolatum is a species of flowering plant in the stonecrop family known by the common names lanceleaf stonecrop and spearleaf stonecrop.

It is native to western North America and occurs in western Canada and the United States. It is distributed from Alaska to Arizona and New Mexico and as far east as South Dakota and Nebraska. It grows in exposed, rocky mountainous habitats at moderate and high elevations, up to {{convert|4048|m|sp=us}} in the Rocky Mountains. The plant persisted and evolved on sky islands and nunataks in these ranges during glaciation events during the Pleistocene epoch.

Description

Sedum lanceolatum is a very short succulent plant. Each plant will develop numerous branching sterile stems with tight clusters of leaves.{{sfn|Cronquist|Holmgren|Holmgren|1997|p=29}} The stems are both {{plantgloss|decumbent}} and {{plantgloss|ascending}}, growing along the surface of the ground or curving to grow upwards. Each stem will have a rosette of leaves at its end.{{sfn| Ohba 2020a}} The branchlets are easily broken apart.{{sfn|Cronquist|Holmgren|Holmgren|1997|p=29}} Each stem is biennial, but replaced by offsets.{{sfn|Stephenson|1994|p=199}}

The leaves are not easily detached from the stems and are attached to the stems in a spiral.{{sfn|Stephenson|1994|p=199}}{{sfn| Ohba 2020a}} The shape of the leaves is subterete, nearly circular in cross section, with an outline that can be lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or elliptic-ovate. They are also quite short, just 4.2 to 13 millimeters long, and 1.5–3.5 mm in width.{{sfn| Ohba 2020a}} The leaves vary in color with those exposed to strong, full sun conditions they are maroon while in less exposed situations they are dark gray-green and dull.{{sfn|Stephenson|1994|p=199}}

The flowering stems are {{plantgloss|erect}}, growing straight upwards, to between {{convert|3 and 18|cm|sp=us}} in height.{{sfn| Ohba 2020a}} Leaves are attached alternately to flowering stems and often fall off by the time the flowers begin to bloom.{{sfn|Cronquist|Holmgren|Holmgren|1997|p=29}} The flowering head is a flat-topped cluster of yellow flowers.{{sfn|Stephenson|1994|p=199}} The number of flowers on each stem may be as few as three or as many as twenty-five.{{sfn|Turner|Gustafson|2006|p=215}} They are either loosely or densely packed on a branched cyme, a type of determinate inflorescence.{{sfn|Welsh et al. 1987|p=243}}

File:Sedum lanceolatum - Wendy McCrady 01.jpg]]

The flowers have canary to golden yellow petals sometimes tinged with red, especially on the central rib.{{sfn| Ohba 2020a}}{{sfn|Turner|Gustafson|2006|p=215}} Each flower will usually have five petals and five sepals, but occasionally may have just four.{{sfn|Heil et al. 2013|p=455}} The petals are longer than the sepals, normally measuring 6 to 9.2 millimeters long,{{sfn| Ohba 2020a}} but occasionally just 5.5 mm.{{sfn|Cronquist|Holmgren|Holmgren|1997|p=29}} They are lanceolate to ovate in shape. The ten stamens are tipped with yellow anthers.{{sfn|Cronquist|Holmgren|Holmgren|1997|p=29}} Each flower will normally produce five carpels but can occasionally have just four.{{sfn|Heil et al. 2013|p=455}} The central flower will be noticeably larger than the other flowers on a stem.{{sfn|Stephenson|1994|p=200}}

The plant reproduces sexually by its tiny, lightweight seeds, or vegetatively when sections of its stem break off and root.{{sfn|DeChaine|Martin|2005|p=478}} The seeds are about 1 mm in size and brown to dark brown in color.{{sfn|Cronquist|Holmgren|Holmgren|1997|p=29}}

The related narrow-petaled stonecrop (Sedum stenopetalum) can be distinguished by a ridge on the underside of its leaves.{{sfn|Stokes|Stokes|1993|p=56}}

Taxonomy

File:Stonecrop - Sedum lanceolatum (36372416854).jpg]]

Sedum lanceolatum is classified in the Sedum genus in the family Crassulaceae. The scientific description and name of the species was published in 1827 by John Torrey.{{sfn|POWO 2024a}}

There are significant genetic differences between populations of lanceleaf stonecrop between the Southern Rocky Mountains and the Central Rocky Mountains across the Wyoming Gap and what is now the Wyoming Basin shrub steppe because the lower altitudes serve as a barrier to this and other species with a preference for high elevations.{{sfn|DeChaine|Martin|2005|p=481}} Additionally, during the most recent glacial period, genetic evidence supports that the species was isolated in sky islands and nunataks that protruded above the glaciers.{{sfn|DeChaine|Martin|2005|pp=477, 480}}

=Subspecies=

The species has two accepted subspecies,{{sfn|POWO 2024a}} though the Flora of North America following the classification by Charles Leo Hitchcock lists them as varieties.{{sfn| Ohba 2020a}}

==''Sedum lanceolatum'' subsp. ''lanceolatum''==

The autonymic subspecies is much more widespread, growing through much of the western United States and Canada.{{sfn| Ohba 2020b}} It differs from subspecies nesioticum in having shorter leaves on average, ranging from 4.2 to 9 mm where the sister subspecies is 8 to 13 mm.{{sfn| Ohba 2020a}} Its flowering stems are {{cvt|5 to 15|cm}} tall and its flowers have sepals that measure 2–4 mm with petals 6–9 mm. It can grow from sea level to elevations of {{convert|4100|m|sp=us}}.{{sfn| Ohba 2020b}}

==''Sedum lanceolatum'' subsp. ''nesioticum''==

File:Sedum lanceolatum ssp. nesioticum - Jack Bindernagel 01.jpg, British Columbia]]

This subspecies was scientifically described as a species and named Sedum nesioticum in 1941 by George Neville Jones. It was reclassified as a subspecies by Robert Theodore Clausen in 1948.{{sfn|POWO 2024c}} It grows near the ocean in British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon.{{sfn| Ohba 2020c}} It is distinguished from the more widespread subspecies by having leaves that are wider, 3-3.5 mm, and at 8-13 mm longer on average with some overlap.{{sfn| Ohba 2020a}} Its flowering stems reach {{cvt|10 to 30|cm}} tall, also somewhat larger as are the sepals and petals, 4–5 mm and 9–9.2 mm in length respectively. It flowers two weeks later on average, likely due to the cooling effect of growing near the Pacific Ocean. Its populations are all found within {{convert|20|m|sp=us}} of sea level.{{sfn| Ohba 2020c}}

=Synonyms=

Sedum lanceolatum has {{table row counter|id=Synonyms}} synonyms of the species or one of its subspecies.{{sfn|POWO 2024a}}{{sfn|POWO 2024b}}{{sfn|POWO 2024c}}

class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" id="Synonyms" \|+ class="nowrap" \| Table of Synonyms ! Name ! Year ! Rank ! Synonym of: ! Notes
Amerosedum lanceolatum {{small\|(Torr.) Á.Löve & D.Löve}} \| 1985 \|data-sort-value=A \| species \| S. lanceolatum \|data-sort-value=A \| ≡ hom.
Amerosedum nesioticum {{small\|(G.N.Jones) Á.Löve & D.Löve}} \| 1985 \|data-sort-value=A \| species \| subsp. nesioticum \|data-sort-value=A \| ≡ hom.
Amerosedum subalpinum {{small\|(Blank.) Á.Löve & D.Löve}} \| 1985 \|data-sort-value=A \| species \| subsp. lanceolatum \|data-sort-value=B \| = het.
Sedum lanceolatum var. nesioticum {{small\|(G.N.Jones) C.L.Hitchc.}} \| 1964 \|data-sort-value=C \| variety \| subsp. nesioticum \|data-sort-value=A \| ≡ hom.
Sedum lanceolatum subsp. subalpinum {{small\|(Blank.) R.T.Clausen}} \| 1975 \|data-sort-value=B \| subspecies \| subsp. lanceolatum \|data-sort-value=B \| = het.
Sedum lanceolatum var. subalpinum {{small\|(Fröd.) H.Ohba}} \| 2007 \|data-sort-value=C \| variety \| subsp. lanceolatum \|data-sort-value=B \| = het. nom. illeg.
Sedum lanceolatum subsp. typicum {{small\|R.T.Clausen}} \| 1948 \|data-sort-value=B \| subspecies \| S. lanceolatum \|data-sort-value=A \| ≡ hom. not validly publ.
Sedum nesioticum {{small\|G.N.Jones}} \| 1941 \|data-sort-value=A \| species \| subsp. nesioticum \|data-sort-value=A \| ≡ hom.
Sedum shastense {{small\|Britton}} \| 1903 \|data-sort-value=A \| species \| subsp. lanceolatum \|data-sort-value=B \| = het.
Sedum stenopetalum f. rubrolineatum {{small\|Cockerell}} \| 1891 \|data-sort-value=D \| form \| subsp. lanceolatum \|data-sort-value=B \| = het.
Sedum stenopetalum subsp. nesioticum {{small\|(G.N.Jones) R.T.Clausen}} \| 1946 \|data-sort-value=A \| species \| subsp. nesioticum \|data-sort-value=A \| ≡ hom.
Sedum stenopetalum var. subalpinum {{small\|Fröd.}} \| 1936 \|data-sort-value=A \| species \| subsp. lanceolatum \|data-sort-value=B \| = het.
Sedum subalpinum {{small\|Blank.}} \| 1905 \|data-sort-value=A \| species \| subsp. lanceolatum \|data-sort-value=B \| = het.
colspan=5 style="text-align: left;" \| Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym ; = heterotypic synonym

class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" id="Synonyms"

|+ class="nowrap" | Table of Synonyms

! Name

! Year

! Rank

! Synonym of:

! Notes

Amerosedum lanceolatum {{small|(Torr.) Á.Löve & D.Löve}}

| 1985

|data-sort-value=A | species

| S. lanceolatum

|data-sort-value=A | ≡ hom.

Amerosedum nesioticum {{small|(G.N.Jones) Á.Löve & D.Löve}}

| 1985

|data-sort-value=A | species

| subsp. nesioticum

|data-sort-value=A | ≡ hom.

Amerosedum subalpinum {{small|(Blank.) Á.Löve & D.Löve}}

| 1985

|data-sort-value=A | species

| subsp. lanceolatum

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

Sedum lanceolatum var. nesioticum {{small|(G.N.Jones) C.L.Hitchc.}}

| 1964

|data-sort-value=C | variety

| subsp. nesioticum

|data-sort-value=A | ≡ hom.

Sedum lanceolatum subsp. subalpinum {{small|(Blank.) R.T.Clausen}}

| 1975

|data-sort-value=B | subspecies

| subsp. lanceolatum

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

Sedum lanceolatum var. subalpinum {{small|(Fröd.) H.Ohba}}

| 2007

|data-sort-value=C | variety

| subsp. lanceolatum

|data-sort-value=B | = het. nom. illeg.

Sedum lanceolatum subsp. typicum {{small|R.T.Clausen}}

| 1948

|data-sort-value=B | subspecies

| S. lanceolatum

|data-sort-value=A | ≡ hom. not validly publ.

Sedum nesioticum {{small|G.N.Jones}}

| 1941

|data-sort-value=A | species

| subsp. nesioticum

|data-sort-value=A | ≡ hom.

Sedum shastense {{small|Britton}}

| 1903

|data-sort-value=A | species

| subsp. lanceolatum

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

Sedum stenopetalum f. rubrolineatum {{small|Cockerell}}

| 1891

|data-sort-value=D | form

| subsp. lanceolatum

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

Sedum stenopetalum subsp. nesioticum {{small|(G.N.Jones) R.T.Clausen}}

| 1946

|data-sort-value=A | species

| subsp. nesioticum

|data-sort-value=A | ≡ hom.

Sedum stenopetalum var. subalpinum {{small|Fröd.}}

| 1936

|data-sort-value=A | species

| subsp. lanceolatum

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

Sedum subalpinum {{small|Blank.}}

| 1905

|data-sort-value=A | species

| subsp. lanceolatum

|data-sort-value=B | = het.

colspan=5 style="text-align: left;" | Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym ; = heterotypic synonym

=Names=

The species name, lanceolatum, means {{plantgloss|lanceolate}}.{{sfn|Heil et al. 2013|p=455}} In English it is known by the common name lanceleaf stonecrop and the variant lance-leaf stonecrop.{{sfn|Turner|Gustafson|2006|p=215}}{{sfn|Taylor|1992|p=132}} It is additionally known as spearleaf stonecrop and common stonecrop.{{sfn|Heil et al. 2013|p=455}} It is at times also called yellow stonecrop,{{sfn|Pesman 1988|p=32}} but it shares this name with Sedum acre,{{sfn|Nicholson|Ary|Gregory|1977|p=14}} Sedum nuttallianum,{{sfn|Holloway|2005|p=138}} and Sedum stenopetalum.{{sfn|Standley|1926|p=47}}

Range and habitat

Lanceleaf stonecrop has a native range across much of western North America from Alaska to New Mexico.{{sfn|NRCS 2024}} In Canada it is reported from the Yukon Territory, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan.{{sfn|VASCAN|2024}} In the Pacific Northwest, it grows in much of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Eastward across the Rocky Mountains it is only reported from three counties in Montana.{{sfn|NRCS 2024}} It grows in five counties in the Black Hills of southwest South Dakota while only found Sioux County at the western edge of Nebraska.{{sfn|NRCS 2024}}{{sfn|Cronquist|Holmgren|Holmgren|1997|p=29}} It grows in all but two counties of Wyoming and the western two-thirds of Colorado. It only grows in the northwestern part of New Mexico.{{sfn|NRCS 2024}} In the Southwestern United States it grows throughout all of Utah, the northeastern part of Arizona, many parts of Nevada, and in the high Sierra Nevada ranges, the Klamath Ranges, and high Cascade Mountains in California.{{sfn|NRCS 2024}}{{sfn|Zika et al. 2022}} The exact extent of its range is uncertain, but is estimated at between {{convert|20000 and 2500000|km2|-3|sp=us}}.{{sfn|NatureServe 2024}}

It grows on stony outcrops, dry rocky slopes, and areas of lithosol, places with very thin and poorly developed soils.{{sfn|Taylor|1992|p=132}}{{sfn|Zika et al. 2022}} It is associated with a wide range of stones including limestone, sandstone, marble, andesite, basalt, granodiorite, and granite.{{sfn|DeChaine|Martin|2005|p=478}} However, the botanist Charles Uhl reports that it is not often found or may be absent from basaltic rocks and lava outcroppings.{{sfn|Uhl|1977|p=96}} It is strongly associated with the alpine tundra and subalpine zone along the North American Cordillera, but can be found in many other habitats including on gravelly sites on the Great Plains adjacent to the mountains.{{sfn|Stephenson|1994|p=199}} It is also found in sunny, open stony places in sagebrush steppes, piñon–juniper woodlands, mountain brush, ponderosa pine forests, interior Douglass-fir forests, aspen, spruce–fir forests, lodgepole pine communities.{{sfn|Welsh et al. 1987|p=243}}{{sfn|Heil et al. 2013|p=455}}

=Conservation=

Sedum lanceolatum was evaluated by NatureServe in 2015 and rated as secure (G5). It was also rated as secure (S5) in the Yukon, British Columbia, Washington, and Wyoming. In Alberta and Montana, it is apparently secure (S4) but is vulnerable (S3) in Saskatchewan. It was only rated as critically imperiled (S1) in Alaska.{{sfn|NatureServe 2024}}

Ecology

File:Parnassius smintheus - James Telford 01.jpg

Sedum lanceolatum is almost the sole host plant of the Rocky Mountain apollo butterfly (Parnassius smintheus) in large parts of its range.{{sfn|Roslin et al. 2008|pp=336, 341}} The plant produces a deterrent cyanoglycoside, sarmentosin, so that herbivores do not feed on it. This butterfly's larvae sequester sarmentosin from the plant for their own defense.{{sfn|DeChaine|Martin|2006|p=1005}} However, it has been found that if the plant becomes physically damaged by mechanical means, the larvae feeding on it have reduced growth rates, possibly due to an induced defense by the plant itself.{{sfn|Roslin et al. 2008|p=340}} Consequently, the larvae often hurry to feed, then switch to another plant within the time window offering the highest nutritional quality. Larvae will typically feed and leave a plant in less than half an hour.{{sfn|Roslin et al. 2008|p=341}} From November to February, the leaves of their foodplant are fatally toxic to the larvae, but for the rest of the year, the larvae feed and develop normally. If the snow melts before March, the eggs hatch while the larval foodplant is still toxic, and the larvae perish.{{sfn|Shepard|Guppy|2011|p=126}}

Uses

Lanceleaf stonecrop is a drought tolerant species that is planted in rock gardens.{{sfn|Stokes|Stokes|1993|p=56}} However, it is a rare species in the plant trade and usually only available from specialist sources in Europe.{{sfn|Stephenson|1994|p=199}} It can be slow to spread and difficult to grow in areas of high rainfall.{{sfn|Stephenson|1994|p=200}}

Citations

References

;Books

{{Cite book |last1=Cronquist |first1=Arthur |author-link1=Arthur Cronquist |last2=Holmgren |first2=Noel H. |last3=Holmgren |first3=Patricia K. |author-link3=Patricia Kern Holmgren |date=1997 |title=Intermountain Flora : Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. |url=https://archive.org/details/intermountainflo0003arth/page/29 |url-access=registration |language=en |volume=3. Part A, Subclass Rosidae (except Fabales) |edition=First |location=Bronx, New York |publisher=New York Botanical Garden |isbn=978-0-89327-374-3 |oclc=503654484 |access-date=18 December 2024}}
{{Cite book |last1=Heil |first1=Kenneth D. |last2=O'Kane |first2=Steve L. Jr. |last3=Reeves |first3=Linda Mary |last4=Clifford |first4=Arnold |date=2013 |title=Flora of the Four Corners Region: Vascular Plants of the San Juan River Drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah |url=https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003888887/page/n472 |language=en |edition=First |location=St. Louis, Missouri |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |isbn=978-1-930723-84-9 |issn=0161-1542 |lccn=2012949654 |oclc=859541992 |access-date=16 December 2024 |ref={{sfnref|Heil et al. 2013}}}}
{{Cite book |last1=Holloway |first1=Joel Ellis |editor-last1=Neill |editor-first1=Amanda |date=2005 |title=A Dictionary of Common Wildflowers of Texas & the Southern Great Plains |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofcomm0000holl/page/138 |url-access=registration |language=en |location=Fort Worth, Texas |publisher=TCU Press |isbn=978-0-87565-309-9 |oclc=61451157 |access-date=21 December 2024}}
{{Cite book |last1=Nicholson |first1=Barbara Evelyn |last2=Ary |first2=S. |last3=Gregory |first3=Mary |date=1977 |title=The Oxford Book of Wild Flowers |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordbookofwild0000nich/page/14 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=Corrected |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-910013-2 |oclc=59189575 |access-date=21 December 2024}}
{{Cite book |last1=Pesman |first1=M. Walter |last2=Denver Botanic Gardens |date=1988 |title=Meet the Natives : A Beginner's Field Guide to Rocky Mountain Wild Flowers, Trees, and Shrubs |url=https://archive.org/details/meetnatives0000unse/page/32 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=Eighth |location=Boulder, Colorado |publisher=Pruett Publishing |isbn=978-0-87108-731-7 |oclc=17732587 |access-date=21 December 2024 |ref={{sfnref|Pesman 1988}}}}
{{Cite book |last1=Shepard |first1=Jon |last2=Guppy |first2=Crispin |date=2011 |title=Butterflies of British Columbia: Including Western Alberta, Southern Yukon, the Alaska Panhandle, Washington, Northern Oregon, Northern Idaho, and Northwestern Montana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=il6rJ7glHNQC&q=parnassius+smintheus&pg=PA53 |type=en |language=en |location=Vancouver, British Columbia |publisher=UBC Press |isbn=978-0-7748-0809-5 |oclc=46620087}}
{{Cite book |last1=Standley |first1=Paul C. |author-link1=Paul Carpenter Standley |date=1926 |title=Plants of Glacier National Park |url=https://archive.org/details/plantsofglaciern00stan/page/47 |language=en |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior |oclc=3476046 |access-date=21 December 2024}}
{{Cite book |last1=Stephenson |first1=Ray |date=1994 |title=Sedum : Cultivated Stonecrops |url=https://archive.org/details/sedumcultivateds0000step/page/199 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=First |location=Portland, Oregon |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=978-0-88192-238-7 |oclc=27725553 |access-date=18 December 2024}}
{{Cite book |last1=Stokes |first1=Donald W. |last2=Stokes |first2=Lillian Q. |date=1993 |title=The Wildflower Book : From the Rockies West : An Easy Guide to Growing and Identifying Wildflowers |url=https://archive.org/details/wildflowerbookfr0000stok/page/56 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=First |location=Boston, Massachusetts |publisher=Little, Brown, and Company |isbn=978-0-316-81801-8 |oclc=26934974 |access-date=21 December 2024}}
{{Cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Ronald J. |date=1992 |title=Sagebrush Country : A Wildflower Sanctuary |url=https://archive.org/details/sagebrushcountry00tayl/page/132 |url-access=registration |language=en |edition=Revised |location=Missoula, Montana |publisher=Mountain Press Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-87842-280-7 |oclc=25708726 |access-date=19 December 2024}}
{{Cite book |last1=Turner |first1=Mark |last2=Gustafson |first2=Phyllis |date=2006 |title=Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest |url=https://archive.org/details/wildflowersofpac00turn/page/215 |url-access=registration |language=en |location=Portland, Oregon |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=978-0-88192-745-0 |oclc=60651080 |access-date=19 December 2024}}
{{Cite book |last1=Welsh |first1=Stanley L. |author-link1=Stanley Larson Welsh |last2=Atwood |first2=N. Duane |last3=Goodrich |first3=Sherel |last4=Higgins |first4=Larry C. |date=1987 |title=A Utah Flora |url=https://archive.org/details/utahflora0000unse/page/243 |url-access=registration |series=Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, No. 9 |language=en |edition=First |location=Provo, Utah |publisher=Brigham Young University |jstor=23377658 |oclc=9986953694 |access-date=20 December 2024 |ref={{sfnref|Welsh et al. 1987}}}}

;Journals

{{Cite journal |last1=DeChaine |first1=Eric G. |last2=Martin |first2=Andrew P. |date=March 2005 |title=Marked genetic divergence among sky island populations of Sedum lanceolatum (Crassulaceae) in the Rocky Mountains |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=92 |issue=3 |pages=477–486 |doi=10.3732/ajb.92.3.477 |doi-access=free |issn=0002-9122 |jstor=4123896 |pmid=21652425}}
{{Cite journal |last1=DeChaine |first1=Eric G. |last2=Martin |first2=Andrew P. |date=May 2006 |title=Using Coalescent Simulations to Test the Impact of Quaternary Climate Cycles on Divergence in an Alpine Plant-Insect Association |journal=Evolution |language=en |volume=60 |issue=5 |pages=1004–1013 |doi=10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01178.x |doi-access=free |issn=0014-3820 |jstor=4095402|pmid=16817540 }}
{{cite journal|last1=Roslin|first1=Tomas|last2=Syrjälä|first2=Heidi|last3=Roland|first3=Jens|last4=Harrison|first4=Philip J.|last5=Fownes|first5=Sherri|last6=Matter|first6=Stephen F.|title=Caterpillars on the run – induced defences create spatial patterns in host plant damage|journal=Ecography|volume=31|issue=3|pages=335–347|language=en|doi=10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05365.x|date=1 June 2008|doi-access=free |bibcode=2008Ecogr..31..335R |ref={{sfnref|Roslin et al. 2008}}}}
{{Cite journal |last1=Uhl |first1=Charles H. |date=1977 |title=Cytogeography of Sedum lanceolatum and Its Relatives |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/663124 |journal=Rhodora |language=en |volume=79 |issue=817 |pages=95–114 |jstor=41784748 |access-date=21 December 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228000000/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/663124 |archive-date=28 February 2020}} [https://archive.org/details/biostor-138192 Alt URL]

;Websites

{{Cite NatureServe |date=6 December 2024 |id=2.142378 |title=Sedum lanceolatum |access-date=20 December 2024 |ref={{sfnref|NatureServe 2024}}}}
{{cite usda plants|symbol=SELA |title=Sedum lanceolatum |date=19 December 2024 |ref={{sfnref|NRCS 2024}}}}
{{cite web |url=http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Sedum_lanceolatum |title=Sedum lanceolatum |last1=Ohba |first1=Hideaki |author-link1=Hideaki Ohba |date=30 July 2020 |orig-date=1993 |website=Flora of North America |page=206 |language=en |isbn=978-0-195340266 |oclc=26803793 |access-date=18 December 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218181849/http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Sedum_lanceolatum |archive-date=18 December 2024 |ref={{sfnref|Ohba 2020a}}}}
{{cite web |url=http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Sedum_lanceolatum_var._lanceolatum |title=Sedum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum |last1=Ohba |first1=Hideaki |author-link1=Hideaki Ohba |date=30 July 2020 |orig-date=1993 |website=Flora of North America |page=206 |language=en |isbn=978-0-195340266 |oclc=26803793 |access-date=18 December 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218182154/http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Sedum_lanceolatum_var._lanceolatum |archive-date=18 December 2024 |ref={{sfnref|Ohba 2020b}}}}
{{cite web |url=http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Sedum_lanceolatum_var._nesioticum |title=Sedum lanceolatum var. nesioticum |last1=Ohba |first1=Hideaki |author-link1=Hideaki Ohba |date=30 July 2020 |orig-date=1993 |website=Flora of North America |page=207 |language=en |isbn=978-0-195340266 |oclc=26803793 |access-date=18 December 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218182342/http://dev.floranorthamerica.org/Sedum_lanceolatum_var._nesioticum |archive-date=18 December 2024 |ref={{sfnref|Ohba 2020c}}}}
{{Cite web |url=https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/4669?lang=en |title=Sedum lanceolatum Torrey |last1=VASCAN |date=2024 |website=Database of Vascular Plants of Canada |language=en |access-date=19 December 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019225520/https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/4669?lang=en |archive-date=19 October 2021}}
{{cite web |last1=VASCAN |title=Sedum lanceolatum Torrey |url=https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/4669?lang=en |website=Database of Vascular Plants of Canada |access-date=15 December 2024 |date=2022}}
{{Cite web |url=https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=43981 |title=Sedum lanceolatum |last1=Zika |first1=Peter F. |last2=Brainerd |first2=Richard E. |last3=Kierstead |first3=Julie |last4=Wilson |first4=Barbara L. |last5=Otting |first5=Nick |last6=Darington |first6=Steven |date=2022 |editor-last1=Jepson Flora Project |website=Jepson eFlora |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |language=en |access-date=19 December 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513094112/https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=43981 |archive-date=13 May 2024 |ref={{sfnref|Zika et al. 2022}}}}
{{cite POWO |id=284819-2 |title=Sedum lanceolatum Torr. |access-date=18 December 2024 |ref={{sfnref|POWO 2024a}}}}
{{cite POWO |id=77225065-1 |title=Sedum lanceolatum subsp. lanceolatum |access-date=18 December 2024 |ref={{sfnref|POWO 2024b}}}}
{{cite POWO |id=231754-2 |title=Sedum lanceolatum subsp. nesioticum (G.N.Jones) R.T.Clausen |access-date=18 December 2024 |ref={{sfnref|POWO 2024c}}}}

External links

[https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3284,3347,3351 Sedum lanceolatum] Jepson Manual Treatment
[https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SELA Sedum lanceolatum] USDA Plants Profile
[https://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Sedum&Species=lanceolatum Sedum lanceolatum] Washington Burke Museum
[https://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Sedum+lanceolatum Photo gallery] by CalPhotos

lanceolatum

Category:Flora of the Northwestern United States

Category:Flora of the Southwestern United States

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