Selank
{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2010}}
{{Drugbox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 451548869
| IUPAC_name = 1-[2-({1-[2-({1-[6-Amino-2-(2-amino-3-hydroxy-butyrylamino)-hexanoyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl}-amino)-5-guanidino-pentanoyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl}-amino)-acetyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
| image = Selank.png
| tradename =
| licence_EU =
| pregnancy_category =
| legal_status = Unscheduled
| routes_of_administration = Nasal muscosa, IV
| bioavailability =
| metabolism =
| excretion =
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CAS_number = 129954-34-3
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = TS9JR8EP1G
| PubChem = 11765600
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank =
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 9940290
| synonyms = Selanc; L-threonyl-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-prolylglycyl-L-Proline
| C=33 | H=57 | N=11 | O=9
| molecular_weight =
| smiles = NCCCCC(C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)NC(C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)NCC(=O)N3CCCC3C(=O)O)CCCNC(=N)N)NC(C(C(C)O)N)=O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C33H57N11O9/c1-19(45)26(35)29(49)41-20(8-2-3-13-34)30(50)44-17-6-11-23(44)28(48)40-21(9-4-14-38-33(36)37)31(51)43-16-5-10-22(43)27(47)39-18-25(46)42-15-7-12-24(42)32(52)53/h19-24,26,45H,2-18,34-35H2,1H3,(H,39,47)(H,40,48)(H,41,49)(H,52,53)(H4,36,37,38)/t19-,20+,21+,22+,23+,24+,26+/m1/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = JTDTXGMXNXBGBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
Selank (Russian: Cеланк) is a nootropic, anxiolytic peptide based drug developed by the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Selank is a heptapeptide with the sequence Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (TKPRPGP). It is a synthetic analogue of human tuftsin.
Pharmacology
Selank is a synthetic analogue of the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin; as such, it mimics many of its effects. It has been shown to modulate the expression of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and affect the balance of T helper cell cytokines.{{cite journal | vauthors = Uchakina ON, Uchakin PN, Miasoedov NF, Andreeva LA, Shcherbenko VE, Mezentseva MV, Gabaeva MV, Sokolov OI, Zozulia AA, Ershov FI | display-authors = 6 | title = [Immunomodulatory effects of selank in patients with anxiety-asthenic disorders] | journal = Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova | volume = 108 | issue = 5 | pages = 71–75 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18577961 }} It has been shown to influence the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters{{cite journal | vauthors = Narkevich VB, Kudrin VS, Klodt PM, Pokrovskiĭ AA, Kozlovskaia MM, Maĭskiĭ AI, Raevskiĭ KS | title = [Effects of heptapeptide selank on the content of monoamines and their metabolites in the brain of BALB/C and C57Bl/6 mice: a comparative study] | journal = Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia | volume = 71 | issue = 5 | pages = 8–12 | year = 2008 | pmid = 19093364 }} and induce metabolism of serotonin.{{cite journal | vauthors = Semenova TP, Kozlovskiĭ II, Zakharova NM, Kozlovskaia MM | title = [Experimental optimization of learning and memory processes by selank] | journal = Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia | volume = 73 | issue = 8 | pages = 2–5 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 20919548 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Semenova TP, Kozlovskiĭ II, Zakharova NM, Kozlovskaia MM | title = [Comparison of the effects of selank and tuftsin on the metabolism of serotonin in the brain of rats pretreated with PCPA] | journal = Eksperimental'naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia | volume = 72 | issue = 4 | pages = 6–8 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19803361 }} Selank has also been found to rapidly elevate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of rats.{{cite journal | vauthors = Inozemtseva LS, Karpenko EA, Dolotov OV, Levitskaya NG, Kamensky AA, Andreeva LA, Grivennikov IA | title = Intranasal administration of the peptide Selank regulates BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus in vivo | journal = Doklady Biological Sciences | volume = 421 | pages = 241–243 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18841804 | doi = 10.1134/s0012496608040066 | s2cid = 40709909 }}
Selank, as well as a related peptide drug, Semax, have been found to inhibit enzymes involved in the degradation of enkephalins and other endogenous regulatory peptides, and this action may be involved in their effects.{{cite journal | vauthors = Kost NV, Sokolov OI, Gabaeva MV, Grivennikov IA, Andreeva LA, Miasoedov NF, Zozulia AA | title = Semax and selank inhibit the enkephalin-degrading enzymes from human serum | language = ru | journal = Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | pages = 180–183 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11443939 | doi = 10.1023/A:1011373002885 | s2cid = 26029820 }} It has also been found to affect the activity of carboxypeptidase H and phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride-inhibited carboxypeptidase in rat nervous system tissue.{{cite journal | vauthors = Solov'ev VB, Gengin MT, Sollertinskaia TN, Latynova IV, Zhivaeva LV | title = [Effect of selank on the main carboxypeptidases in the rat nervous tissue] | language = ru | journal = Zhurnal Evoliutsionnoi Biokhimii I Fiziologii | volume = 48 | issue = 3 | pages = 254–257 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22827026 }}
Selank has been found to produce antidepressant-like effects in animal models of depression and anhedonia.{{cite journal | vauthors = Sarkisova KI, Kozlovskiĭ II, Kozlovskaia MM | title = [Effects of heptapeptide selank on genetically-based and situation-provoked symptoms of depression in behavior in WAG/Rij and Wistar rats, and in BALB/c mice] | language = ru | journal = Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti imeni I P Pavlova | volume = 58 | issue = 2 | pages = 226–237 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18661785 }}
Clinical trials
In clinical trials, the drug has shown to provide a sustained nootropic and anxiolytic effect which is useful for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Selank has an advantage over traditional anxiety treatments, such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates, as it has no sedating or negative cognitive side effects and no associated addiction or withdrawal problems.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
Selank is closely related to another nootropic drug, Semax, also developed by the Institute of Molecular Genetics in Russia. This drug is currently available in Russian and Ukrainian pharmacies.{{cite web | url = http://www.img.ras.ru/innov/ | location = Moscow | work = Institute of Molecular Genetics | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722134441/http://www.img.ras.ru/innov/ | archive-date=2011-07-22 | title = СЕМАКС: лекарственное средство широкого спектра действия эффективный стимулятор нервной системы | trans-title = SEMAX: a broad-spectrum drug effective stimulant of the nervous system | language = ru }}
As with all lyophilized peptides, it needs refrigeration to remain stable within sterile water solutions, such as bacteriostatic water concentrations.
See also
References
{{Reflist|2}}
External links
- [http://www.semax.us/selank.html Selank instructions]
{{Anxiolytics}}
{{Opioidergics}}
Category:Drugs with unknown mechanisms of action