Semolina pudding

{{Infobox prepared food

| name = Semolina pudding

| image = Griessbrei.jpg

| image_size = 250px

| caption = Semolina pudding with fruits

| alternate_name = kasza manna, krupičná kaše, krupicová kaša, griș cu lapte, tejbegríz, tejbedara, Grießbrei, Mamonia

| country =

| region = Central and Eastern Europe

| creator =

| course =

| type = Pudding, porridge

| served = Warm or chilled

| main_ingredient = Semolina, milk, sugar

| variations = Water instead of milk

| calories =

| other =

}}

Semolina pudding or semolina porridge is a porridge-type pudding made from semolina, which is cooked with milk, or a mixture of milk and water, or just water. It is often served with sugar, cocoa powder, cinnamon, raisins, fruit, or syrup.{{Cite web|title = Spiced semolina pudding with ginger biscuits |url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/spicedsemolinapuddin_93264|accessdate =December 30, 2012 }} It is similar to grain based halva or halawa. A similar consistency to rice pudding can also be made by using more semolina and by baking, rather than boiling.

Semolina pudding has been eaten in Europe since Roman times. The recipe book of Apicius (roughly dated 4th century AD) describes a semolina porridge mixed with almonds, raisins and raisin wine.[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/29728/29728-h/29728-h.htm The recipe book of Apicius: Cookery and Dining in Imperial Rome], translated Latin-to-English by JD Vehling. Search the text for the heading Farina Pudding (and relatedly search also for porridge).

Semolina pudding is also for sale as an instant (powdered)[https://books.google.com/books?id=q-cgAQAAIAAJ&q=%22instant+Semolina+pudding%22 Steering Group on Chemical Aspects of Food Surveillance: Annual Report 1995 - B. H. B. Dickinson] or prepared convenience food. Cream, vanilla, fruit, spices or artificial flavouring is often added. Some of these products must be prepared with milk or water. If only water is necessary, then powdered milk is often an ingredient of the convenience food.

Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Croatia

File:Nízké Tatry, chata generála Milana Rastislava Štefánika - krupicová kaše.JPG

The Czechs call it {{lang|cs|krupičná kaše}} or {{lang|cs|krupicová kaše}}, the Slovaks {{lang|sk|krupicová kaša}}, the Austrians {{lang|de|Grießkoch}}, the Germans Grießbrei, the Slovenians {{lang|sl|kaša iz pšeničnega zdroba}}, and the Croatians call it {{lang|hr|griz}}. It is served warm, sprinkled with cocoa and sugar, and doused with melted butter. Sometimes other variations and flavours may be used, such as cinnamon, honey, cherry compote, grated chocolate, tuzemák, etc.

Romania

In Romania it is called {{lang|ro|griș cu lapte}}.[http://dexonline.ro/definitie/gris Griș on DEXonline] Jam, candied fruit, cinnamon and raisins may be added. Once cooked, the preparation is poured into a cake pan.[http://www.ptitchef.com/recettes/gris-cu-lapte-fid-202079 Griș cu lapte recipe] It is served warm or cold. The word griș may come from German {{lang|de|Grieß}} similar to the English grit.The OED gives the following earliest references: Epinal Gloss. 823 Pullis, grytt. c1000 ÆLFRIC Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 141/20 Apludes uel cantabra, hwæte gryttan. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 220 oððe grytta. a1100 Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 330/33 Furfures, gretta. 11.. Voc. ibid. 505/13 Polline, gryttes. a1225 Ancr. R. 186 þis is Godes heste, þet him is muchele leouere þen þet tu ete gruttene bread, oð er werie herde here

Hungary

Hungarians call this dish {{lang|hu|tejbegríz}} or tejbedara, meaning "semolina in milk". Usually cooked with a generous amount of sugar, some butter, and a pinch of salt. It is served warm either plain or sprinkled with cocoa powder, cinnamon sugar,{{Cite web|url=http://www.mindmegette.hu/tejbegriz.recept/|title = Tejbegríz recept egyszerűen, gyorsan}} sometimes with fresh or canned fruits, jam, vanilla, choco bits; modern additions include ice cream, whipped cream, brown sugar, maple syrup, candied fruit, granola, pumpkin seeds etc. A similar but much thicker pudding-like product, precooked and packaged as a store-bought convenience food, is marketed under the name grízpuding (mirror translation for semolina pudding).

Lithuania

In Lithuania, this dish is called {{lang|lt|manų košė}}. Usually, it is cooked in a mixture of water, milk and sugar, and is always served warm, with a topping of cinnamon and sugar, or sometimes jam.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}

Syria

This dish is well known in Damascus and Aleppo (as well as other parts of Syria) as Mamonia. It is prepared by adding butter-toasted semolina into boiling water that is mixed with sugar and sometimes cinnamon pieces. It is then served with a variety of toppings including but not limited to white cheese, cinnamon powder and pistachios.