Login
Login

Sens

{{Short description|Commune in France}}

{{other uses}}

{{Infobox French commune

|name = Sens

|commune status = Subprefecture and commune

|image = Hotel de Vville, Sens-7003.jpg

|caption = City Hall of Sens

|arrondissement = Sens

|canton = Sens-1 and 2

|image coat of arms = Blason sens.svg

|INSEE = 89387

|postal code = 89100

|mayor = Paul-Antoine de Carville[https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/politique/paul-antoine-de-carville-sera-la-prochain-maire-de-sens-1664802686 Paul-Antoine de Carville sera le prochain maire de Sens], France Bleu, 3 October 2022.{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=6 June 2023|language=fr}}

|term = 2022–2026

|intercommunality = CA Grand Sénonais

|coordinates = {{coord|48.1975|3.2877|format=dms|display=inline,title}}

|elevation m =

|elevation min m =

|elevation max m =

|area km2 = 27.86

|population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}

|population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}

|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}

|image flag=Flag of Sens.gif}}

Image:Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot 023.jpg, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, {{Circa|1874}}]]

Sens ({{IPA|fr|sɑ̃s|-|Fr-Paris--Sens.ogg}}) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, 120 km southeast from Paris.

Sens is a sub-prefecture and the second largest city of the department, the sixth largest in the region. It is crossed by the Yonne and the Vanne, which empties into the Yonne here. At the last census of 2021, the municipality had 27,034 inhabitants. Its inhabitants are called les Senonese in French.

The city was rewarded with the distinction of Grand Prix et quatre fleurs in 2007 at Concours des villes et villages fleuris.[http://www.villes-et-villages-fleuris.com/leconcours/palmaresdep/P89.htm Villes et Villages Fleuris]

Geography

Sens is located at the extreme north-west of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, on the border of three regions, namely the Île-de-France, the Grand Est and the Centre-Val de Loire. Located on the course of the river Yonne in the valley of the same name, the city is bordered by the hills of Paron and Saint-Martin-du-Tertre to the west, extension of the plateau of Gâtinais which also extends to the Loiret. To the east, it is bordered by the forest of Othe which extends over the department of Aube. To the north, the Yonne valley leads to the Brie in Seine-et-Marne.

History

The city is said to have been one of the oppida of the Senones, one of the oldest Celtic tribes living in Gaul. The Battle of the Allia was fought {{circa|387 BC}}{{Harvnb|Treves|2015|ps=: "...in 390 BCE or, according to *Polybius (1)'s more probable chronology, 387."}}{{harvnb|Kruta|2000|p=189|ps=: "La bataille de l'Allia aurait eu lieu en 387 av. J.-C., le 18 juillet, jour du calendrier romain proclamé désormais néfaste."}} between the Senones – a Gallic tribe led by Brennus, who had invaded Northern Italy – and the Roman Republic. It is mentioned as Agedincum by Julius CaesarThe manuscripts of the Gallic War also give varied readings of Agendicum and Agetincum (William Smith, ed. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography); the gilded statue of "Brennus" ("leader") surmounts the hôtel de ville. several times in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico. In 53 BC, during the invasion of Gaul, Caesar wintered six legions, at the place called « the camp of Caesar » south of the city.[https://archive.org/stream/bulletindesens14soci#page/96/mode/2up Bulletin N°XIV, 1848 de la Société Archéologique de Sens]

The Roman city was built during the first century BC and surrounded by walls during the third (notable parts of the walls still remain, with alterations along the centuries). It still retains today the skeleton of its Roman street plan.Its Cardo (rue de la République) and Decumanus Maximus (Grande Rue) still meet at near right angles. The site was referred to by Ammianus Marcellinus as Senones (oppidum Senonas), where the future emperor Julian faced an Alamannic siege for a few months, but it did not become an administrative center until after the reorganization of the Roman Empire in 375, when it was the chief town of Lugdunensis Quarta.

During the Middle Ages its archbishops held the prestigious role of primate of Gaul and Germany. The bishop of Sens became an archbishop as early as the mid-5th century, but the cult of the traditional founders Savinian and Potentian, not mentioned by Gregory of Tours, did not appear until the 8th century, when they were added to the local recension of the Seventy Apostles.{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13716a.htm |encyclopedia=Catholic Encyclopedia |year=1912 |last=Goyau |first=G. |title=Sens |publisher=New Advent |access-date=November 14, 2021}} The Hôtel de Sens in Paris was their official residence in that city. The Archdiocese of Sens ruled over the dioceses of Chartres, Auxerre, Meaux, Paris, Orléans, Nevers and Troyes, summarized by the acronym CAMPONT.

Starting from 1135, the cathedral of Sens, dedicated to Saint Stephen, was rebuilt as one of the first Gothic cathedrals. There, in 1234, Louis IX of France celebrated his wedding to Marguerite of Provence. Sens witnessed the trial of Peter Abelard. Pope Alexander III sojourned for some time in the city, and Thomas Becket spent part of his exile between 1162 and 1165. The Archdiocese of Sens hosted a number of church councils and the first Archbishop of Uppsala was consecrated there. William of Sens was the principal architect of Canterbury Cathedral.

Sens experienced troublesome times during the Wars of Religion. In 1562, 100 of the town’s Huguenot population were killed in the Massacre of Sens.{{Cite journal|last=Carroll|first=Stuart|date=2012|title=The Rights of Violence |journal=Past & Present |issue=Supplement 7 |pages=142}}

The city declined after Paris was elevated to archdiocese in 1622. Since 2002, Sens remains an archbishopric (though the incumbent has resided in Auxerre since 1929?){{citation needed|date=November 2021}} but with no metropolitical function (no pallium or marriage appeals).

Despite the creation of new regions, Sens remains subject to the Paris cour d'appel.

Population

{{Historical populations

| align = none

| cols = 2

| percentages = pagr

| source = EHESS{{Cassini-Ehess|36018|Sens}} and INSEE (1968-2017)[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-89387#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE

| graph-pos = bottom

|1793 |10957

|1800 |9165

|1806 |8675

|1821 |8718

|1831 |9279

|1836 |9095

|1841 |10099

|1846 |10525

|1851 |10645

|1856 |10845

|1861 |11098

|1866 |11901

|1872 |11514

|1876 |12309

|1881 |13515

|1886 |14035

|1891 |14006

|1896 |14924

|1901 |14962

|1906 |15007

|1911 |15034

|1921 |15311

|1926 |16172

|1931 |17465

|1936 |17783

|1946 |17329

|1954 |18612

|1962 |20015

|1968 |23035

|1975 |26463

|1982 |26602

|1990 |27082

|1999 |26904

|2007 |25844

|2012 |25106

|2017 |25935

}}

File:Cathédrale Saint-Ètienne, Sens-6998.jpg

Main sights

Notable people

File:AT 13763 Roof figure Wilhelm von Sens at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna-64.jpg in Vienna]]

File:Portrait Augusta Hure.jpg]]

= Sport =

File:Bacary Sagna 2012.jpg, 2012]]

Twin towns

Climate

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|collapsed = Y

|location = Sens (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1956–present)

|Jan record high C = 17.1

|Feb record high C = 22.8

|Mar record high C = 26.8

|Apr record high C = 28.9

|May record high C = 33.3

|Jun record high C = 38.4

|Jul record high C = 42.4

|Aug record high C = 40.2

|Sep record high C = 35.8

|Oct record high C = 30.5

|Nov record high C = 23.0

|Dec record high C = 19.6

|Jan record low C = -22.0

|Feb record low C = -22.6

|Mar record low C = -12.0

|Apr record low C = -5.6

|May record low C = -3.8

|Jun record low C = 1.7

|Jul record low C = 4.4

|Aug record low C = 3.8

|Sep record low C = 0.3

|Oct record low C = -3.7

|Nov record low C = -10.0

|Dec record low C = -15.6

|Jan high C = 7.2

|Feb high C = 8.7

|Mar high C = 12.9

|Apr high C = 16.5

|May high C = 20.2

|Jun high C = 23.8

|Jul high C = 26.5

|Aug high C = 26.4

|Sep high C = 22.1

|Oct high C = 17.1

|Nov high C = 11.1

|Dec high C = 7.7

| year high C = 16.7

|Jan mean C = 4.4

|Feb mean C = 5.1

|Mar mean C = 8.1

|Apr mean C = 10.9

|May mean C = 14.7

|Jun mean C = 18.0

|Jul mean C = 20.2

|Aug mean C = 20.1

|Sep mean C = 16.3

|Oct mean C = 12.6

|Nov mean C = 7.9

|Dec mean C = 5.0

| year mean C = 11.9

|Jan low C = 1.7

|Feb low C = 1.4

|Mar low C = 3.3

|Apr low C = 5.3

|May low C = 9.1

|Jun low C = 12.2

|Jul low C = 14.0

|Aug low C = 13.7

|Sep low C = 10.5

|Oct low C = 8.1

|Nov low C = 4.6

|Dec low C = 2.3

| year low C = 7.2

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 50.9

|Feb precipitation mm = 48.4

|Mar precipitation mm = 45.9

|Apr precipitation mm = 52.8

|May precipitation mm = 59.6

|Jun precipitation mm = 51.5

|Jul precipitation mm = 55.7

|Aug precipitation mm = 48.3

|Sep precipitation mm = 50.5

|Oct precipitation mm = 63.2

|Nov precipitation mm = 56.3

|Dec precipitation mm = 51.6

|year precipitation mm = 644.7

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 10.5

| Feb precipitation days = 10.2

| Mar precipitation days = 9.2

| Apr precipitation days = 9.2

| May precipitation days = 9.9

| Jun precipitation days = 8.5

| Jul precipitation days = 7.8

| Aug precipitation days = 7.8

| Sep precipitation days = 7.6

| Oct precipitation days = 9.9

| Nov precipitation days = 10.6

| Dec precipitation days = 11.8

| year precipitation days =112.9

|source 1 = Meteociel{{cite web

|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=89387002

|title=Normales et records pour Sens (89)

|publisher=Meteociel

|access-date=21 November 2024}}}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}

Sources

{{refbegin}}

  • {{Cite book|last=Kruta|first=Venceslas|title=Les Celtes, histoire et dictionnaire : des origines à la romanisation et au christianisme|publisher=Robert Laffont|year=2000|isbn=2-221-05690-6|author-link=Venceslas Kruta}}
  • {{Cite journal|last=Treves|first=Piero|date=2015|title=Brennus (1), Gallic chieftain|journal=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1165|isbn=978-0-19-938113-5}}

{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|Sens}}

  • {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Sens |volume=24 |short=x}}
  • {{cite CE1913 |last=Goyau |first=Pierre-Louis-Théophile-Georges |wstitle=Archdiocese of Sens |volume=13 |short=x}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20121013215016/http://www.office-de-tourisme-sens.com/index.php?lang=en Tourist Office] {{in lang|en}}
  • [http://www.mairie-sens.fr/ Official website] {{in lang|fr}}
  • [http://icarus.umkc.edu/sandbox/perseus/pecs/page.80.a.php Richard Stillwell, ed. Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, 1976:] "Agedincum (Sens), Yonne, France"

{{Yonne communes}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Communes of Yonne

Category:Subprefectures in France

Category:Senones

Category:Gallia Lugdunensis

Category:Champagne (province)

Category:People from Sens