Sequela

Chronic kidney disease, for example, is sometimes a sequela of diabetes; "chronic constipation" or more accurately "obstipation" (that is, inability to pass stool or gas) is a sequela to an intestinal obstruction; and neck pain is a common sequela of whiplash or other trauma to the cervical vertebrae. Post-traumatic stress disorder may be a psychological sequela of one or more traumatic events. Sequelae of traumatic brain injury include headache, dizziness, anxiety, apathy, depression, aggression, cognitive impairments, personality changes, mania, and psychosis.{{cn|date=March 2023}}

COVID-19 is also known to cause post-acute sequelae, known as long COVID, post-COVID syndrome, or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).{{cite journal |last1=Pretorius |first1=E |last2=Vlok |first2=M |last3=Venter |first3=C |last4=Bezuidenhout |first4=JA |last5=Laubscher |first5=GJ |last6=Steenkamp |first6=J |last7=Kell |first7=DB |title=Persistent clotting protein pathology in Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is accompanied by increased levels of antiplasmin. |journal=Cardiovascular Diabetology |date=23 August 2021 |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=172 |doi=10.1186/s12933-021-01359-7 |pmid=34425843|pmc=8381139 |doi-access=free }} This refers to the continuation of COVID-19 symptoms or the development of new ones, four or more weeks after the initial infection; these symptoms may persist for weeks and months. Post-COVID syndrome can occur in individuals who were asymptomatic for COVID, as well as those ranging from mild illness to severe hospitalization.{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=2020-02-11|title=COVID-19 and Your Health|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html|access-date=2021-12-09|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us}} These most commonly reported sequelae include fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, loss of smell, and brain fog; symptoms drastically range, from mild illness to severe impairment.{{Cite web|title=Long COVID (Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection, PASC)|url=https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/long-covid-post-acute-sequelae-of-sars-cov-2-infection-pasc|access-date=2021-12-09|website=Yale Medicine|language=en}}

Some conditions may be diagnosed retrospectively from their sequelae. An example is pleurisy.{{cn|date=March 2023}}

Other examples of sequelae include those following neurological injury; including aphasia, ataxia, hemi- and quadriplegia, and any number of other changes that may be caused by neurological trauma. Note that these pathologies can be related to both physical and chemical traumas, as both can cause lingering neuronal damage.{{cn|date=March 2023}}

The phrase status post, abbreviated in writing as s/p, is used to discuss sequelae with reference to their cause. Clinicians typically use the phrase to refer to acute traumatic conditions. For example: "the patient had neck pain status post a motor vehicle accident".{{cn|date=March 2023}}

Rheumatic fever is a non-suppurative sequela of a primary infection of group A Streptococcus bacteria. Glomerulonephritis can also be a non-suppurative sequela of Streptococcus pyogenes.{{cite web|last=Todar|first=Kenneth|title=Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcal Disease|url=http://textbookofbacteriology.net/streptococcus_3.html|work=Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology|access-date=3 February 2014}}{{cite encyclopedia|title=Rheumatic fever|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004388/|encyclopedia=A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia|publisher=PubMed Health|access-date=3 February 2014|date=2012-05-30}}

• {{cite journal|doi=10.3201/eid0304.970405|pmid=9366595|pmc=2640087|title=Chronic Sequelae of Foodborne Disease|year=1997|last1=Lindsay|first1=James|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=3|issue=4|pages=443–452}}

{{wiktionary}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090201210410/http://tmjheadaches.com/caus.html Causes of TMJ]

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Category:Medical terminology