Serabit el-Khadim proto-Sinaitic inscriptions

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| quote = The excavations at Serabit and the non-Egyptian character of the ancient hill sanctuary supplied new material for reflection.

| source = Lina Eckenstein, A History of Sinai, 1921

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Romanus François Butin of Catholic University of America published articles in the Harvard Theological Review based on the 1927 Harvard Mission to Serabit and the 1930 Harvard-Catholic University Joint Expedition. His article "The Serabit Inscriptions: II. The Decipherment and Significance of the Inscriptions" provides an early detailed study of the inscriptions and some dozen black and white photographs, hand-drawings and analysis of the previously published inscriptions, #346, 349, 350–354, and three new inscriptions, #355–368. At that time, #355 was still in situ at Serabit but had not been photographed by the previous Harvard Mission. In 1932, he wrote:

The present article was begun with the limited purpose of making known the new inscriptions discovered by the Harvard-Catholic University Joint Expedition to Serabit in the spring of 1930. In the course of this study, I perceived that some signs doubtful in the inscriptions already published were made clear by the new slabs, and I decided to go over the entire field again.[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7813429 Vol. 25:2 (1932) The Serabit Expedition of 1930: IV. The Protosinaitic Inscriptions]

All the inscriptions published between 1916 and 1936 were given identification numbers following those of Gardiner's initial 1916 publication. Gardiner's numbers 1–344 were objects from Sinai with unrelated Egyptian inscriptions, so the Proto-Sinaitic inscriptions numbering began at 345. Future scholars continued this numbering scheme for ease of reference.

• {{cite book | last1=Petrie | first1= Flinders | authorlink1= Flinders Petrie |last2=Currelly | first2= Charles Trick | authorlink2= Charles Trick Currelly | title=Researches in Sinai | publisher=John Murray | series=ATLA monograph preservation program | year=1906 | isbn=978-0-7905-2421-4 | url=https://archive.org/details/researchesinsina00petruoft/page/130/mode/2up?view=theater | access-date=2023-08-13}}
• {{cite journal | last=Gardiner | first=Alan H. | authorlink= Alan Gardiner |title=The Egyptian Origin of the Semitic Alphabet | journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology | publisher=Egypt Exploration Society | volume=3 | issue=1 | year=1916 | issn=0307-5133 | jstor=3853586 | pages=1–16 | doi=10.2307/3853586 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3853586 | access-date=2023-08-13}}
• {{cite book | last1=Gardiner | first1=A.H. | authorlink1= Alan Gardiner |last2=Peet | first2=T.E. | authorlink2=T. Eric Peet| title=The Inscriptions of Sinai: Part 1: Introduction and Plates | publisher=Egyptian Exploration Fund | series=Memoirs (Egypt Exploration Society) | year=1917 | url= https://archive.org/details/EXCMEM36/page/n1/mode/1up}}
• {{cite journal | last1=Lake | first1=Kirsopp | authorlink= Kirsopp Lake |last2=Blake | first2=Robert P. | authorlink2= Robert Pierpont Blake |title=The Serâbît Inscriptions: I. The Rediscovery of the Inscriptions | journal=The Harvard Theological Review | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=21 | issue=1 | year=1928 | issn=0017-8160 | jstor=1507905 | pages=1–8 | doi=10.1017/S0017816000021155 | s2cid=161474162 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1507905 | access-date=2023-08-13}}
• {{cite journal | last=Butin | first=Romain F. | title=The Serâbît Inscriptions: II. The Decipherment and Significance of the Inscriptions | journal=The Harvard Theological Review | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=21 | issue=1 | year=1928 | issn=0017-8160 | jstor=1507906 | pages=9–67 | doi=10.1017/S0017816000021167 | s2cid=163011970 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1507906 | access-date=2023-08-13}}
• {{cite journal | last=Butin | first=Romain F. | title=The Protosinaitic Inscriptions | journal=The Harvard Theological Review | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=25 | issue=2 | year=1932 | issn=0017-8160 | jstor=1507943 | pages=130–203 | doi=10.1017/S0017816000001231 | s2cid=161237361 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1507943 | access-date=2023-08-13}}
• {{cite book | last2=Starr | first2= Richard Francis Strong | last1=Butin | first1= Romain F. | chapter=The New ProtoSinaitic Inscriptions|title=Excavations and Protosinaitic Inscriptions at Serabit El Khadem: Report of the Expedition of 1935 | publisher=Christophers | series=Studies and documents | year=1936 | url=https://archive.org/details/excavationsproto0000star/ | access-date=2023-08-13}}
• {{cite journal | last= Leibovitch|first= Joseph|journal=Le Muséon | title= Deux nouvelles inscriptions proto- sinaitiques|publisher=L'Association sans but lucratif "Le Muséon" | volume=74 | year=1961 | issn=0771-6494 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FRoLAQAAMAAJ | language=fr | access-date=2023-08-13|pages=461 ff}}
• {{cite journal | last=Rainey | first=A. F. | title=Notes on Some Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions | journal=Israel Exploration Journal | publisher=Israel Exploration Society | volume=25 | issue=2/3 | year=1975 | issn=0021-2059 | jstor=27925505 | pages=106–116 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/27925505 | access-date=2023-08-13}}
• {{cite journal | last=Beit-Arieh | first=Itzhak | title=New Discoveries at Serâbît el-Khâdîm | journal=The Biblical Archaeologist | publisher=The American Schools of Oriental Research | volume=45 | issue=1 | year=1982 | issn=0006-0895 | jstor=3209843 | pages=13–18 | doi=10.2307/3209843 | s2cid=189473632 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3209843 | access-date=2023-08-13}}
• {{cite journal | last1=Arieh | first1=Itzhaq Beit | last2=Giveon | first2=Raphael | last3=Saas | first3=Benjamin |title=Two previously unknown Proto Sinaitic inscriptions (in: Explorations at Serâbît El-Khâdim — 1977) | journal=Tel Aviv | publisher=Maney Publishing | volume=5 | issue=3–4 | year=1978 | issn=0334-4355 | doi=10.1179/033443578788497659 | pages=183–187|url=https://www.academia.edu/1901180}}
• {{cite book | last=Sass | first=B. | title=The Genesis of the Alphabet and Its Development in the Second Millenium B.C. | publisher=In Kommission bei O. Harrassowitz | series=Ägypten und Altes Testament | year=1988 | isbn=978-3-447-02860-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8S9-QgAACAAJ | access-date=2023-08-13}}

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Category:Semitic inscriptions