Sergěj Ingr
{{Infobox Officeholder
| honorific_prefix = General of the Army
|name = Sergěj Ingr
|image = Sergej Ingr v roce 1940.jpg
|caption = (Photograph taken onboard the Polish Navy submarine ORP Wilk (Wolf).)
|office = Minister of National Defense of Czechoslovakia
|term_start = 21 July 1940
|term_end = 19 September 1944
|predecessor = Jan Syrový
|successor = Jan Masaryk
|birth_date={{flagicon|Austria-Hungary}} {{Birth date|1894|09|02|df=y}}
|death_date={{flagicon|France}} {{Death date and age|1956|06|17|1894|09|02|df=y}}
|birth_place=Vlkoš, Margraviate of Moravia, Austria-Hungary
| nationality= Czech
|signature =
|allegiance= {{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}
{{Flag|Kingdom of Serbia|name=Serbia}}
{{Flag|Czechoslovakia}}
|branch= Austro-Hungarian Army
Serbian Army
Czechoslovak Legions
Czechoslovak Army
|rank= Sergeant (Austria-Hungary)
General of the Army (Czechoslovakia)
|serviceyears= 1913–1915 (Austria-Hungary)
1915–1916 (Serbia)
1916–1945 (Czechoslovakia)
|}}
General of the Army Jan Sergěj Ingr (2 September 1894 – 17 June 1956) was a Czechoslovak Army five star general and the Minister of National Defense in the Czechoslovak government-in-exile during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.{{cite web|url=http://www.militarymuzeum.cz/zivotopis-gen-ingr.php |title=Military Muzeum - Podrobný Životopis Armádního Generála Sergěje Jana Ingra |publisher=Militarymuzeum.cz |date= |accessdate=2012-02-25}}
Early life
Ingr was born in Vlkoš in the Margraviate of Moravia (present-day Czech Republic) in 1894 to his father Jan, mayor of the municipality. He had four brothers and three sisters. He attended the gymnasium (secondary school) in Kyjov and in 1913 became a member of the cadet school in Královo Pole.
First World War
After the outbreak of the First World War he went as a Sergeant to the Eastern Front. In the fall of 1915 he was captured by the Russians at Caricyn. He then joined the 1st Serbian Voluntary Division and fought against the Bulgarians in Dobruja. In 1916 he transferred to the 2nd Artillery Regiment of George of Poděbrady with the rank of Lieutenant and joined the famous Czechoslovak Legions. He adopted the name Sergěj and became a member of the Eastern Orthodox Church. In 1917 he fought in France and in 1918 took part in battles in the Ardennes and in Foligno. By the end of the war he had risen to Captain and was able to speak five foreign languages (German, Russian, Serbian, French and Italian).{{cite web|url=http://www.fronta.cz/dotaz/sergej-ingr |title=Sergěj Ingr |publisher=Fronta.cz |date=2006-12-15 |accessdate=2012-02-25}}
Between wars
In December 1918 he returned to Czechoslovakia to battle the Hungarians, who were claiming a part of Czechoslovak territory, as a part of the Hungarian–Romanian War of 1919. Following those engagements, he moved to Cieszyn Silesia and helped the army to solve the disputes with Poland.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} He then saw further victories {{clarify|date=March 2018}} in Jablunkov, as well as in Třinec and was promoted to Major. During the mobilization in 1938 he was already a divisional general and commander of the 3rd Czechoslovak Army Corps.
Second World War
At the behest of president Edvard Beneš, Ingr moved into exile in France. In Paris, he established an Army Office and began mobilising Czechoslovak troops in the town of Agde, becoming Commander of the Czechoslovak Army in France. In 1940 he and his 11,405 volunteers took part in the Battle of France which saw combat on the Marne, the Seine and the Loire. After the establishment of the Czechoslovak government-in-exile in London, Ingr was appointed Minister of National Defense. In 1944, after intervention by the Communists, he was removed from office, but was instead appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Czechoslovak Armed Forces.
Post-war
On 6 July 1945 Ingr was promoted to army general and retired, becoming his country's ambassador in The Hague. In 1949 he established The Council of Free Czechoslovakia as the attempt to reestablish the democracy in Czechoslovakia after the Communist's victory. He died in 1956, officially of heart failure.
Decorations
Awarded by Czechoslovakia
- Czechoslovak War Cross, three tilia sprouts (1919)
- Czechoslovak War Cross (1940, 1945)
- Milan Rastislav Stefanik Order (1991)
- Czechoslovak Revolution Medal (1919)
- Allied Victory Medal (1919)
- Medal of Distinguished Service, 1st class (1944)
- Medal of Valor (1945)
- Memorial Medal of Czechoslovak Foreign Army (1944)
- Commemorative medal of the Battle of Zborov (1947)
- Commemorative medal of the second national resistance (1947)
- The Commemorative Medal of the 2nd Shooting Regiment "Jiri z Podebrad" (1947)
Awarded by Czech Republic
- Order of the White Lion military group I. Class (2024){{cite web|url=https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-prehledne-seznam-vsech-vyznamenanych-28-rijna-2024-40494807 |title=PŘEHLEDNĚ: Seznam všech vyznamenaných |publisher=Borgis |date=28 October 2024 |accessdate=28 October 2024|website=Novinky.cz|language=cs}}
Awarded by France
- Légion d'honneur, Grand Officier (1950)
- Légion d'honneur, Commandeur (1947)
- Légion d'honneur, Officier (1940)
- Légion d'honneur, Chevalier [Knight] (1926)
- Médaille des services militaires volontaires (1928)
Awarded by Great Britain
- Order of the Bath, Knight Commander (1944)
- 1939–45 Star (1945)
- Defence Medal (1945)
- War Medal 1939–1945 (1945)
Awarded by Greece
- Order of the Redeemer, Grand Commander (1932)
Awarded by Italy
- Allied Victory Medal, (1928)
- Commemorative Medal of the Unity of Italy, (1930)
Awarded by the Netherlands
- Order of Orange-Nassau, Commander (1949)
Awarded by Norway
- Order of St. Olav, Commander (1949)
Awarded by Poland
- Order of Polonia Restituta, Grand Cross (1941)
Awarded by Romania
- Order of the Star of Romania, Commander (1930)
Awarded by Russia
- Order of Saint Stanislaus, 3rd class (1917)
Awarded by USA
- Legion of Merit, Commander (1945)
Awarded by Yugoslavia
- Order of White Eagle, Officer's Cross (1936)
- Order of White Eagle, Knight's Cross (1930)
- Order of the Yugoslav Crown, Second Class (1941)
- Order of St. Sava, Commander
- Albanian Commemorative Medal (1923)
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{in lang|cs}} [http://www.totalita.cz/vysvetlivky/o_ingrjs.php Ingr na totalita.cz] Profile on totalita.cz
- {{in lang|cs}} [http://www.general-ingr.estranky.cz Stránky muzea věnovaného Ingrovi] Museum of Sergej Ingr
{{Commons category|Sergěj Ingr}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingr, Sergej}}
Category:People from Hodonín District
Category:People from the Margraviate of Moravia
Category:Eastern Orthodox Christians from the Czech Republic
Category:Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Roman Catholicism
Category:Government ministers of the Czechoslovak government-in-exile
Category:Czechoslovak generals
Category:Chiefs of the General Staff (Czechoslovakia)
Category:Czech military leaders
Category:Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
Category:Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war held by Russia in World War I
Category:Czechoslovak Legion personnel
Category:20th-century Czech people
Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion
Category:Recipients of the Czechoslovak War Cross
Category:Recipients of the Order of the Yugoslav Crown
Category:Recipients of the Milan Rastislav Stefanik Order
Category:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
Category:Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Category:Commanders of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Category:Commanders of the Order of the Star of Romania