Severe weather terminology (Japan)
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Weather}}
This article describes the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) severe weather terminology. The JMA defines precise meanings for nearly all its weather terms as the {{nihongo|Information for Severe Weather Preparation|防災気象情報|Bousai Kishō Jōhō}}. This article describes JMA terminology and related JMA weather scales. Some terms may be specific to certain regions.
Warning Categories
Severe weather bulletins are issued as an advisory or a warning, depending on the risk or severity of the event. Less severe events that could be a cause for concern will be issued as a bulletin or an advisory.
- {{nihongo|Advisories|注意報|Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Warnings|警報|Keihō}}
- {{nihongo|Emergency Warnings|特別警報|Tokubetsu Keihō}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/en/Emergency_Warning/ew_index.html|title=Emergency Warning System to be Launched 30 August 2013|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|year=2013|accessdate=2013-08-03}}
- {{nihongo|Bulletins|気象情報|Kishō Jōhō}}: provide information to supplement warnings and advisories.{{Cite web|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/en/Activities/brochure201003.pdf|title=JMA Brochure 2010|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|year=2010|accessdate=2012-03-31}}
Meteorological Warnings
Weather advisories and warnings are issued when potentially hazardous weather is occurring or is forecast for the short-term period.
= General Warnings =
Due to its local-scale nature, an advisory is typically issued in advance for public forecast areas where conditions may be favorable for the development of severe weather. A warning is issued for areas where severe weather is imminent or occurring.
= Advisories =
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Gale and snow|風雪注意報|Fūsetsu Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Gale|強風注意報|Kyōfū Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Heavy rain|大雨注意報|Ōame Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Heavy snow|大雪注意報|Ōyuki Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Dense fog|濃霧注意報|Nōmu Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Thunderstorm|雷注意報|Kaminari Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Dry air|乾燥注意報|Kansō Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Avalanche|なだれ注意報|Nadare Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Ice/snow accretion|着氷・着雪注意報|Chakuhyō Chakusetsu Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Frost|霜注意報|Shimo Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Low temperature|低温注意報|Teion Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Snow melting|融雪注意報|Yūsetsu Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Storm surge|高潮注意報|Takashio Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for High waves|波浪注意報|Harō Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Flood|洪水注意報|Kōzui Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Advisory for Tornado|竜巻注意報|Tatsumaki Chūihō}}
= Warnings =
- {{nihongo|Warning for Storm|暴風警報|Bōfū Keihō}}
- {{nihongo|Warning for Snow-storm|暴風雪警報|Bōfūsetsu Keihō}}
- {{nihongo|Warning for Heavy rain|大雨警報|Ōame Keihō}}
- {{nihongo|Warning for Heavy snow|大雪警報|Ōyuki Keihō}}
- {{nihongo|Warning for Storm surge|高潮警報|Takashio Keihō}}
- {{nihongo|Warning for High waves|波浪警報|Harō Keihō}}
- {{nihongo|Warning for Flood|洪水警報|Kōzui Keihō}}
= Marine Warnings =
- {{nihongo|Warning for Near Gale|海上風警報|Kaijō Keihō}}
- {{nihongo|Warning for Gale|海上強風警報|Kaijō Kyōfū Keihō}}
- {{nihongo|Warning for Storm|海上暴風警報|Kaijō Bōfū Keihō}}
- {{nihongo|Warning for Typhoon|海上台風警報|Kaijō Taifū Keihō}}
- {{nihongo|Warning for Dense Fog|海上濃霧警報|Kaijō Nōmu Keihō}}
- {{nihongo|Warning for Icing|海上着氷警報|Kaijō Chakuhyō Keihō}}
- {{nihongo|Warning for Sea Swell|海上うねり警報|Kaijō Uneri Keihō}}
= Typhoons or Tropical Depressions =
- {{nihongo|Typhoon Information|台風情報|Taifū Jōhō}}
= Flood Forecasting =
- {{nihongo|Flood Forecasting|洪水予報|Kōzui Yohō}}
Seismological Warnings
= Earthquake Information =
- {{nihongo|Earthquake Information|地震情報|Jishin Jōhō}}
- {{nihongo|Seismic Intensity Information|震度速報|Shindo Sokuhō}}
- {{nihongo|Earthquake Information|震源に関する情報|Shingen ni Kansuru Jōhō}}
- {{nihongo|Earthquake and Seismic Intensity Information|震源・震度に関する情報|Shingen/Shindo ni Kansuru Jōhō}}
- {{nihongo|Information on seismic intensity at each site|各地の震度に関する情報|Kakuchi no Shindo ni Kansuru Jōhō}}
- {{nihongo|Distant Earthquake Information|遠地地震に関する情報|Enchi Jishin ni Kansuru Jōhō}}
== Earthquake Early Warning ==
- {{nihongo|Earthquake Early Warning|緊急地震速報|Kinkyū Jishin Sokuhō}}
= Tsunami Warnings =
- {{nihongo|Tsunami Information|津波情報|Tsunami Jōhō}}
- {{nihongo|Tsunami Forecast|津波予報|Tsunami Yohō}}
- {{nihongo|Tsunami Advisory|津波注意報|Tsunami Chūihō}}
- {{nihongo|Tsunami Warning|津波警報|Tsunami Keihō}}
= Volcano Information =
See also
External links
- [http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/en/Activities/forecast.html Forecast Services by Japan Meteorological Agency]
- [http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/kishou/know/yougo_hp/mokuji.html Meteorological terminology by Japan Meteorological Agency] {{in lang|ja}}