Shabaki language
{{Short description|Indo-Iranian language of Iraq}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Shabaki
|nativename=شەبەکی
|states=Iraq
|region=Mosul
|ethnicity=Shabaks
|speakers=250,000
|date=2018
|ref=e27
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=Indo-Iranian
|fam3=Iranian
|fam4=Western
|fam5=Northwestern I
|fam6=Zaza–Gorani
|fam7=Gorani
|iso3=sdb
|glotto=shab1251
|glottorefname=Shabaki
}}
Shabaki is an Indo-Iranian language and belongs to the subgroup Zaza-Gorani{{#tag:ref|{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/zaza-gorani|title=Zaza-Gorani|work=Ethnologue|access-date=2018-10-22|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZGUEQmFqfMC&q=zaza+gorani+shabak+language&pg=PA564|title=A Survey of Word Accentual Patterns in the Languages of the World|last1=Hulst|first1=Harry van der|last2=Goedemans|first2=Rob|last3=Zanten|first3=Ellen van|date=2010|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110196313|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCEXDQAAQBAJ&q=shabaki+language&pg=PA40|title=From Baghdad on the Tigris to Baghdad on the Subway|last=Hindo|first=Walid A.|date=2016-09-08|publisher=Archway Publishing|isbn=9781480834033|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i7hJDwAAQBAJ&q=shabaki+language&pg=PA287|title=Historical Dictionary of the Kurds|last=Gunter|first=Michael M.|date=2018-02-20|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9781538110508|language=en}}|group=note}} of the Northwestern Iranian languages. The Shabaki language is spoken by the Shabak peopleAbd al-Jabbar, Falih. Ayatollahs, sufis and ideologues: state, religion, and social movements in Iraq. University of Virginia 2008.Sykes, Mark. The Caliphs' last heritage: a short history of the Turkish Empire in the Mosul region of northern Iraq. It is a subdialect of the Kurdish dialect Gorani.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QLPnBgAAQBAJ&q=schabaki+sprache&pg=PT107|title=Die Stunde der Kurden: Wie sie den Nahen Osten verändern|last=Löwer|first=Hans-Joachim|date=2015-02-16|publisher=Styriabooks|isbn=9783990403549|language=de}}{{Cite web |title=Kurdland - Your gateway to Kurdistan |url=https://kurdland.net/english/history |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Kurdland |language=en}}{{Cite journal |last=Shoukat |first=Ahmad |title=Al-Shabak Al-Kurd Al-Mansiyoun |journal=Ministry of Culture Printing Press |location=Sulaymaniyah |pages=48}} alongside Hewrami, Sarli, and Bajalan. It also been influenced by Arabic, Turkish and Persian language.{{Cite news|url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/shabak/|title=Shabak - Minority Rights Group|work=Minority Rights Group|access-date=2018-10-22|language=en-GB}} The number of speakers of Shabaki was estimated in 1989 to be between 10,000 and 20,000.[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sdb Ethnologue about Shabaki] Currently, the number of native speakers of Shabaki is estimated at 250,000.{{Cite news|url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/shabak/|title=Shabak - Minority Rights Group|work=Minority Rights Group|access-date=2018-10-27|language=en-GB}} As Shabaki is one of the Zaza–Gorani languages, it is most similar to other Dialects of Gorani; Hewrami Bajelani, Sarli. and to Zazaki.
Status
The Shabak people fear the demise of the Shabaki language especially after the occupation of the ISIS terrorist groups to their home in Nineveh Plain, which led to the displacement of the majority of their population and the other groups residing in that area.{{Cite news|url=http://telegram7.com/?p=475|title=International Mother Language Day in Karbala, Iraq - Telegram7|date=2015-03-03|work=Telegram7|access-date=2018-10-26|language=en-US}}
Comparison
=Pronouns=
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!Shabaki !Zazaki !Southern Kurdish !Sorani !Kurmanji !Hewrami !Persian !English | ||||||
-
| emin-em | ez, min
|mi/min | min | ez, min | emin, min | mən | I, me, mine, my |
-
| etu | ti, to
|tu/tû | to | tu, te | eto, to | to, tu | thou, thee, thine |
-
| ew, îna | a, o
|ew/ewe | ew | ew, wî, wê | ew | û | s/he, his, hers, him, her |
-
| hima-alama-gişt | ma
|îme | ême | em, me | ma | ma | we, our |
-
| işma | şima
|îwe | êwe | hûn, we | şima | şuma | you, your |
-
| işan | înu, înan
|ewan/ewane | ewan | ewan, wan | ade | anha | they, them, their |
- |
=Vocabulary=
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bgcolor="#ADD8E6"
!Shabaki !Zazaki !Southern Kurdish !Sorani Kurdish !Kurmanji Kurdish !Hewrami !Persian !English | ||||||
-
| çam | çim
|çem/çew | çaw | çav | cem | çəşm/çişm | eye |
-
| ziwan | ziwan
|ziwan | ziman | ziman | ziwan | zəban | tongue, language |
- |
Notes
{{Reflist|group=note}}
Literature
- Dr. Sultan, Abbas Hassan Jassim (University of Kufa, Iraq)
- [https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/622207 Shabaki - English Dictionary] or here as [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abbas_Sultan2/publication/309413493_Shabaki_-English_Glossary/links/580f47d708aef2ef97afc062/Shabaki-English-Glossary.pdf PDF] (2016)
- [https://www.academia.edu/14985659/AN_ACCOUNT_OF_LIGHT_VERB_CONSTRUCTIONS_IN_SHABAKI An Account of Light verb constructions in Shabaki] (Vol. 5 2011, 2)
- [https://www.academia.edu/14985668/An_Account_of_Clitics_in_Shabaki_with_Reference_to_Wackernagels_Law An Account of Clitics in Shabaki with Reference to Wackernagel's Law] (2014)
- [https://www.academia.edu/14985667/SERIAL_VERB_CONSTRUCTIONS_IN_SHABAKI Serial verb constructions in Shabaki]
- [https://www.academia.edu/14985664/RECIPROCAL_PRONOUNS_IN_SHABAKI Reciprocal Pronouns in Shabaki] (Vol. 4 2010, 1)
- [https://www.academia.edu/14985661/causatives_in_Shabaki Causatives in Shabaki] (Vol. 4 2010, 2)
- [https://www.academia.edu/26082019/AN_ACCOUNT_OF_EPISTEMIC_MODALITY_IN_SHABAKI.._._9_AN_ACCOUNT_OF_EPISTEMIC_MODALITY_IN_SHABAKI_الشبكية_اللغة_في_المعرفية_العبارات An Account of Epistemic Modality in Shabaki]
- [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299089808_THE_TRUTH-CONDITIONAL_CONTENT_OF_EVIDENTIALS_IN_SHABAKI_Abbas_H_J_Sultan The truth conditional content of evidentials in Shabaki]
- [http://staff.uokufa.edu.iq/publication_details.php?abbash.jasim&recordID=1133 Evidentials in Shabaki]
- [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298542474_httpwwwslidesharenetAbbasSultan1shabaki-alphabetical-system-by-dr-abbas-sultan Shabaki alphabets] or here as [https://slideshare.net/mobile/AbbasSultan1/shabaki-alphabetical-system-by-dr-abbas-sultan Slideshow]
- E. K. Brown, R. E. Asher, J. M. Y. Simpson (Elsevier, 2006)
- [https://books.google.com/books?id=fj8OAQAAMAAJ&q=zaza+gorani+shabak+language Encyclopedia of language & linguistics, Band 2]
References
{{reflist}}{{Iranian languages}}{{Incubator|sdb}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shabaki Language}}
Category:Northwestern Iranian languages