Shahin Dezh
{{Short description|City in West Azerbaijan province, Iran}}
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{{for|the administrative division of West Azerbaijan province|Shahin Dezh County}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Shahin Dezh
|native_name = {{langx|fa|شاهيندژ}}
|native_name_lang = fa
|settlement_type = City
|image_skyline = نمای کلی مجموعه صخره ای بی بی کند.jpg
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|image_caption = General view of Bibi Kand rock complex
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|pushpin_map = Iran
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|coordinates = {{Coord|36|40|50|N|46|34|05|E|dim:1km|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = {{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=36.680556&mlon=46.568056&zoom=15#map=15/36.68056/46.56806|website=OpenStreetMap |title=Shahin Dezh, Shahin Dezh County|date=28 September 2024|access-date=28 September 2024|lang=fa}}
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Iran
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = West Azerbaijan
|subdivision_type2 = County
|subdivision_name2 = Shahin Dezh
|subdivision_type3 = District
|subdivision_name3 = Central
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|population_total = 43131
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|timezone = IRST
|utc_offset = +3:30
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Shahin Dezh ({{langx|fa|شاهيندژ}}){{efn|Also romanized as Shāhīn Dezh; also known as Sahin Dazh, Şā’īn Dezh, and Shahindej; formerly Sāīn Kala (صائین قالا) and Şā’īn Qal‘eh;{{GEOnet3|-3081937}} {{langx|az|سایینقالا|italic=no}};[https://kakheaseman.ir/aseman.php?id=53190 Aseman: منطقهای که مرکز آن تکاب است و معروف به یوخاریمحال (محال علیا) و منطقه دیگر را که مرکز آن سایین قالا یا همان شاهین دژ فعلی است آشاقیمحال (محال سفلی) مینامند] Kurdish: ساین قەڵا, romanized as Sayin Qella}} is a city in the Central District of Shahin Dezh County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.{{cite report|title=Creation and establishment of two counties and several districts and annexation of several villages to Urmia County|language=fa|website=rc.majlis.ir|via=Research Center of the System of Laws of the Islamic Council of the Farabi Library of Mobile Users|url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/112504|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223223713/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/112504|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board|last=Habibi|first=Hassan|archive-date=23 February 2014|orig-date=Approved 24 September 1369|id=Proposal 11490.1.4.42; Notification 113478/T188K|date=13 December 2005|access-date=20 December 2023}}
Shahin Dezh is about 1,300 meters in elevation. The city is on the Zarrineh River, southeast of Lake Urmia.{{cn|date=July 2024}}
History
The modern town of Shahin Dezh was formerly known as Ṣāʾīn Qal‘eh. The name Ṣāʾīn (also spelled Sāīn, Shahin, etcetera.) is derived from the Mongol sayin, which translates as "good".{{EI2|last=Minorsky|first=V.|title=Ṣāʾīn Ḳalʿa|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/sain-kala-SIM_6498?s.num=20&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.start=20&s.q=%C4%80d%CC%B2h%CC%B2arb%C4%81yd%CC%B2j%CC%B2%C4%81n|volume=9}}
The local Turkic Afshars were brought to the area from Shiraz at the beginning of the 19th century by Fath-Ali Shah Qajar ({{reign}}1797–1834), the second Qajar shah ("king") of Iran. Later, a segment of these Afshars had to migrate to Urmia in order to make way for the Chardawri (Chardowli) Lurs. The chief of the Chardowli's resided at Mahmuddjik and was the commander of {{circa|5,000}} men. In 1830, Ṣāʾīn Qal‘eh was sacked by Kurds led by Sheikh Ubeydullah. Ṣāʾīn Qal‘eh, being the site of an Iranian military garrison in the past, safeguarded the entrance to the Azerbaijan Province through the Zarrineh valley.
The ancient Karaftu caves, first described by Robert Ker Porter (1777–1842), and the old site of Takht-e Soleyman were formerly located in the territory of the Afshars of Ṣāʾīn Qal‘eh. The lake of Chamli Göl, near the village of Badarli with its floating island were likewise well known at the time. Some of the Afshars of Ṣāʾīn Qal‘eh belonged to the Yarsanism sect.
The old site of Ṣāʾīn Qal‘eh is now occupied by the modern town of Shahin Dezh, which is also the chef-lieu of Shahin Dezh County. In {{circa|1950}}, its population was 3,170 which by 1991 had increased to 25,050.
The fortress of Ṣāʾīn Qal‘eh is sometimes confused with the similarly named fortress on the Abhar river to the east of Soltaniyeh, which was mentioned by Hamdallah Mustawfi (1281 – after 1339/40).
Demographics
=Population=
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 34,204 in 8,671 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): West Azerbaijan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/04.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920094953/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/04.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}} The following census in 2011 counted 38,396 people in 10,782 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): West Azerbaijan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/West-Azerbaijan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120205939/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/West-Azerbaijan.xls|archive-date=20 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}} The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 43,131 people in 12,826 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): West Azerbaijan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_04.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830042935/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_04.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=30 August 2022}}
See also
- {{Portal-inline|Iran}}
Notes
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References
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External links
- [http://my.opera.com/mujtaba/albums/show.dml?id=7620 Images from this city]
{{Authority control}}
{{West Azerbaijan Province|state=collapsed}}
{{Shahin Dezh County|state=collapsed}}
Category:Cities in West Azerbaijan province