Shambhala International

{{Infobox organization

| name = Shambhala International

| predecessor = Vajradhatu

| formation = {{start date|2000|2}}

| founder = Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche

| website = {{URL|https://shambhala.org/}}

}}

Shambhala International (originally named Vajradhatu) is the umbrella organization that encompasses many of the distinct institutions of the Shambhala spiritual community, founded by the students of the Tibetan Buddhist teacher Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche.

Based in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Shambhala International links a worldwide network of urban Buddhist meditation centers and retreat centers, as well as a Western Buddhist monastery and other institutions.

Scope and function

Shambhala International functions to support the activities of the Shambhala spiritual community. It is led by an independent Board of Directors, who manage a central administrative team called Shambhala Global Services that offers infrastructure and support to the community globally.{{cite web |url=https://shambhala.org/about/shambhala-leadership/ |title=Shambhala Leadership |website=shambhala.org |access-date=2023-03-07}}

Shambhala International supports more than 150 Shambhala Centres and Groups,{{cite web |url=https://shambhala.org/centres/centres-groups/ |title=Shambhala Centres and Groups |website=shambhala.org |access-date=2023-02-17}} which are meditation communities of varying sizes in cities and towns across North and South America, Europe, and Oceania.

It also supports several retreat centers and other organizations. Below is a partial list of notable organizations affiliated with or managed within Shambhala International:

Dechen Chöling (retreat center in Limoges, France)
Gampo Abbey (monastery in Nova Scotia)
Karmê Chöling (retreat center in Barnet, Vermont, United States)

History and leadership

=Foundation by Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche=

In 1970, Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche arrived in North America. The first established center of his teachings was "Tail of the Tiger" in Barnet, Vermont (now Karmê Chöling). A second branch of the community began to form when Rinpoche began teaching at the University of Colorado. The Rocky Mountain Dharma Center was established, now known as Drala Mountain Center, near Red Feather Lakes, Colorado.

In the early 1970s, the community grew rapidly and attracted the involvement of notable figures such as Allen Ginsberg and Anne Waldman. In 1973, the community was incorporated in Colorado as Vajradhatu. Vajradhatu hosted visits by the Sixteenth Karmapa (head of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism) in 1974, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche (head of the Nyingma lineage of Tibetan Buddhism) in 1976, and the Fourteenth Dalai Lama in 1981.

In 1974, Naropa Institute was founded, a contemplative studies and liberal arts college, now fully accredited as Naropa University.{{cite web |title=11th Trungpa Chronology |url=http://www.chronicleproject.com/chronology.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013212638/http://chronicleproject.com/chronology.html |archive-date=October 13, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}

Beginning in 1976, Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche presented a series of teachings known as the Shambhala teachings to the community. These teachings presented the principle of basic goodness, and a secular rather than religious approach to enlightenment.{{cite book | last=Trungpa | first=Chögyam | last2=Gimian | first2=Carolyn Rose | title=Shambhala : The Sacred Path of the Warrior | publication-place=Boulder, Colorado | date=2019 | isbn=978-1-61180-692-2 | oclc=1105218701 | page=8}} They were encoded into a Shambhala Training series offered widely throughout the community. In 1979, Trungpa Rinpoche empowered his eldest son, Ösel Rangdröl Mukpo, as his successor and heir to the Shambhala lineage.

In 1986, Trungpa moved the international headquarters of Vajradhatu to Halifax, Nova Scotia. A large number of his students emigrated from the United States to Nova Scotia along with him.

=Leadership by Ösel Tendzin=

In 1987, one year after moving the organization to Nova Scotia, Trungpa Rinpoche died of illnesses related to long-term alcohol abuse.{{sfn|Remski|2021}} He was 47. A senior American student named Thomas Rich, whom Trungpa Rinpoche had given the title Vajra Regent Ösel Tendzin, assumed leadership of the organization. Tendzin acted as spiritual head of Vajradhatu until around 1989. In December 1988, the community learned Tendzin had passed HIV to a male partner in the Colorado congregation, who in turn unknowingly infected his female partner.{{cite news |title=A Church's Turmoil |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 26, 1989 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/26/weekinreview/headliners-a-church-s-turmoil.html |access-date=July 15, 2015}} Tendzin, who was HIV-positive, knowingly had sex with students for three years without disclosing his infection, believing that his spiritual practice protected himself and others from AIDS.{{cite news |title=Buddhist Sect Alarmed by Reports that Leader Kept His AIDS a Secret |author=John Dart |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=March 3, 1989 |url=http://www.aegis.com/news/lt/1989/LT890302.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990819001619/http://www.aegis.com/news/lt/1989/LT890302.html |archive-date=August 19, 1999}} It eventually came out that the Vajradhatu board of directors had known of the problem for more than two years and had done nothing about it.Coleman, James William. The New Buddhism: The Western Transformation of an Ancient Tradition (2001) Oxford University Press. Page 170.

Tendzin died in 1990 from HIV/AIDS, and Ösel Rangdröl Mukpo, now known as Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche, assumed spiritual and executive leadership of Vajradhatu.

=Leadership by Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche=

Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche renamed the organization to Shambhala International in 2000, and led it through a range of organizational forms. Also beginning in 2000, Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche moved to enclose the previously secular teachings of Shambhala within the container of a new Buddhist lineage, known as Shambhala Buddhism.[http://www.shambhala.org/lodge/collaboration/index.htm Kalapa Assembly 2000 Collaborations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020060432/http://www.shambhala.org/lodge/collaboration/index.htm |date=October 20, 2007 }}Mipham Rinpoche, Sakyong. (2000) "Shambhala Buddhism". Published letter

In early 2018, allegations surfaced of sexual misconduct and misuse of power by Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche toward his students.{{cite web|accessdate=2023-02-17|title=Our Story.|url=https://shambhala.org/about/our-story/|date=2 February 2023|website=Shambhala}}{{sfn|Remski|2021}} Following a series of reports by an initiative called Buddhist Project Sunshine{{cite web |first1=Andrea M. |last1=Winn |first2=Carol |last2=Merchasin |url=https://andreamwinn.com/project_sunshine/Buddhist_Project_Sunshine_Phase_2_Final_Report.pdf |date=2018-08-23 |title=Buddhist Project Sunshine Phase 2 Final Report |website=andreamwinn.com |access-date=2023-02-17}} on sexual misconduct within Shambhala International, the sitting board, known as the Kalapa Council, resigned. Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche stepped back from his teaching and governance roles,{{cite news|first1=Andy|last1=Newman|accessdate=2020-06-19|title=The 'King' of Shambhala Buddhism Is Undone by Abuse Report|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/11/nyregion/shambhala-sexual-misconduct.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=11 July 2018|issn=0362-4331|via=NYTimes.com}}{{cite news|first1=Sarah|last1=Marsh|accessdate=2020-06-19|title=Buddhist group leader steps down over sexual assault claims|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/11/shambhala-buddhist-group-leader-steps-down-over-sexual-assault-claims|newspaper=The Guardian|date=11 July 2018|issn=0261-3077|via=www.theguardian.com}} and has not acted in a spiritual or executive leadership role within Shambhala International since that time. Shambhala International hired a law firm to investigate the allegations, and in February 2019 the investigator issued a report of its findings, which included finding a pattern of sexual misconduct and at least one credible incident of sexual assault by Sakyong Mipham.{{Cite web|date=2019-02-03|title=Shambhala Report Details Findings of Sexual Misconduct Against Buddhist Spiritual Leader with Strong Ties to Colorado|url=https://apnews.com/article/4b743e19212d4764b9684d19fcb625cd|access-date=2022-02-09|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}

=Leadership by Shambhala Board=

In late 2018, a Shambhala Board of community members assumed executive leadership of the organization.{{cite web | url=https://shambhala.report/r/announcement-of-shambhala-interim-board/ |date=2018-10-11 | title=Announcement of Shambhala Interim Board |website=shambhala.report |access-date=2023-02-17}} According to the organization, it has implemented some of the third-party recommendations for addressing community harm, including instituting a new Shambhala code of conduct.{{cite web |url=https://communitycare.shambhala.org/ |title=Shambhala Community Care and Conduct |website=communitycare.shambhala.org |access-date=2023-02-17}}

In February 2022, the Shambhala Board reached a mediated agreement with Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche that he would no longer hold administrative responsibilities in Shambhala International,{{cite web|accessdate=2023-02-17|title=Addressing Harm and Promoting Community Care in Shambhala.|url=https://shambhala.org/community/addressing-harm-and-promoting-community-care-in-shambhala/|date=2022-12-10|website=Shambhala}} and the organization's bylaws were amended to establish the Shambhala Board as an independent leadership body.{{cite web|accessdate=2023-02-17|title=Moving Forward as a Community Post Mediation.|url=https://shambhala.report/r/moving-forward-as-a-community-post-mediation/|date=2022-02-19|website=shambhala.report}}

References

=Works cited=

{{cite magazine |last=Remski |first=Matthew |date=April 13, 2021 |orig-date=September 28, 2020 |title=Survivors of an International Buddhist Cult Share Their Stories |magazine=The Walrus |url=https://thewalrus.ca/survivors-of-an-international-buddhist-cult-share-their-stories/|access-date=2022-01-10 |language=en-US}}