Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge

{{Short description|Fixed link between Chongming Island and Pudong, eastern China}}

{{Chinese|image=20160512 上海长江大桥 (154946403).jpeg|caption=Viaduct of the Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge|c=||t=上海長江隧橋|s=上海长江隧桥|p=Shànghǎi Chángjiāng Suì Qiáo|w=Shang⁴-hai³ Chʻang²-chiang¹ Sui⁴ Chʻiao²|j=|mi={{IPAc-cmn|sh|ang|4|.|h|ai|3|.|ch|ang|2|.|j|iang|1|.|s|ui|4|.|q|iao|2}}|ci=|altname=|order=st}}

The Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge is a bridge–tunnel complex across the south fork of the Yangtze River near the river mouth in Shanghai. The tunnel connects the Pudong District of Shanghai on the south bank of the river with Changxing Island, while the bridge connects Changxing Island with Chongming Island. In combination with the Chongqi Bridge (opened in December 2011), which connects Chongming Island to the north bank of the Yangtze, the bridge–tunnel complex forms the final crossing of the Yangtze before it empties into the East China Sea.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}

The bridge and tunnel were built from 2005 to 2009 at a cost of 12.6 billion yuan (US$1.84 billion), and opened on 31 October 2009.[http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2009/200910/20091031/article_418075.htm Bridge-tunnel linking Chongming Island opens to traffic], Shanghai Daily, 2009-10-31, retrieved 3 November 2009{{cite web|url=https://news.qq.com/a/20091031/000115.htm |title=世界最大隧桥上海长江大桥31日通车(组图) (The largest bridge–tunnel project in the world, the Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge opens on 31st (multiple pictures)) |publisher=Tencent QQ.com News|date=31 October 2009 |accessdate=1 January 2010|language=zh}} Their combined length is {{convert|25.5|km|mi|abbr=on}}, forming part of the G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway.

Tunnel

{{Infobox tunnel

|name = Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel

|image = Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel south entrance.JPG

|image_size =

|caption = Entrance to the tunnel

|location = Shanghai

|coordinates = {{coord|31.340589|N|121.693813|E|region:CN-31_type:landmark_scale:25000|display=inline}}

|route =

|status =

|start = Wuhaogou, Pudong

|end = Changxing Island

|startwork =

|opened = {{Start date|df=yes|2009|10|31}}

|close =

|owner =

|operator = Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge Construction and Development

|traffic =

|character =

|toll =

|vpd =

|construction = 2005 - 2009

|length = {{convert|8.9|km|mi|1}}

|lanes = 2 x 3

|speed =

|hielevation =

|lowelevation =

|height =

|width =

|grade =

}}

The Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel starts on the south bank of the Yangtze at Wuhaogou, Pudong and ends in the south of Changxing Island. It is {{convert|8.9|km|mi|1}} in length, and has two stacked levels. The upper level is for a motorway, and has three lanes in each direction, with a designed speed of {{convert|80|km/h|mph|0}}. The lower level is reserved for a future Shanghai Metro line, Chongming Line.

The tunnelling was completed using four tunnel boring machines, the largest of which was {{convert|15.43|m|ft|1}} in diameter,{{cite web| url = http://www.herrenknecht.com/en/media/press-information/2014/xxl-tunnel-boring-machines-in-the-yangtze-river-delta.html| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714005818/http://www.herrenknecht.com/en/media/press-information/2014/xxl-tunnel-boring-machines-in-the-yangtze-river-delta.html| archive-date = 2014-07-14| title = XXL tunnel boring machines in the Yangtze River Delta - Herrenknecht AG}} {{convert|135|m|ft|0}} long,{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}} and weighed 2,300t.{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}}

Bridge

{{Infobox bridge

|bridge_name = Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge
上海长江大桥

|image = Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge.JPG

|caption = Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge

|official_name =

|carries =

|crosses = Yangtze River between Changxing and Chongming islands

|locale = Shanghai
China

|id =

|designer =

|design = Cable-stayed bridge with viaducts

|material =

|spans = 1 cable-stayed span
2 viaducts

|pierswater =

|mainspan = {{convert|730|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

|length = {{convert|16500|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
(including approaches)

|width = {{convert|35.3|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

|height = {{convert|209|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

|load =

|clearance =

|below =

|traffic =

|begin =

|complete = 23 Oct 2009

|opened = 31 Oct 2009

|closed =

|maint = Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge Construction and Development

|toll =

|map_cue =

|map_image =

|map_text =

|map_width =

|coordinates = {{coord|31.43481|121.74431|display=inline,title}}

|extra =

}}

The Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge starts at the tunnel exit, crosses Changxing Island at ground level, then crosses to Chongming Island, ending at Chenjia Town.

It consists of two long viaducts with a higher cable-stayed section in the middle to allow the passage of ships. The total length is {{convert|16.63|km|mi|2}}, of which {{convert|6.66|km|mi|2}} is road and {{convert|9.97|km|mi|2}} bridge.

The overall shape of the bridge is not linear but slightly sigmoid (S-shaped).{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}

The central cable-stayed span is about {{convert|730|m|ft|0}}, the longest span of any bridge in Shanghai, and the tenth longest cable-stayed span in the world.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} The span arrangement is 92+258+730+258+72 m.[https://web.archive.org/web/20221205193553/http://www.bscces.com/lwk/UploadFiles_8402/200808/2008081216062755.pdf Q.E. Deng, C.Y. Shao: Recent Major Cable-Stayed Bridges in Shanghai]

The bridge has three road lanes in each direction, with a designed speed of {{convert|100|km/h|mph|0}}. Room on both flanks of the bridge is reserved for a future metro line, line 19, so total deck width is {{convert|35.3|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}.

File:Chongming Bridge 2008 wide.jpg

References

External links

[http://www.shcjsq.com/ Shanghai Yantze River Bridge&Tunnel Project Info Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119232207/http://www.shcjsq.com/ |date=19 November 2008 }} {{in lang|zh}}
[https://archive.today/20130202221031/http://www.sourcejuice.com/1271062/2009/10/31/world-largest-bridge-tunnel-opened-traffic-Shanghai-China-third/ The world's largest bridge tunnel opened to traffic in Shanghai]
[http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2008/200803/20080315/article_352201.htm New City a model for the future]
[http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2008/200801/20080118/article_345677.htm New bridge can cope with an earthquake]
[http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2007/200710/20071026/article_335891.htm Pudong to Chongming in 20mins]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20080117022949/http://www.yangtse.com/gn/200712/t20071225_391429.htm 扬子晚报：崇启大桥通过评估]
[http://www.shcjsq.com/prj_xmjs.htm 长江隧桥项目简介] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111171236/http://www.shcjsq.com/prj_xmjs.htm |date=11 January 2008 }}
[http://www.smg.cn/root/news/content.aspx?NewsId=159492 SMG：采用最新科技上海长江隧道做足安全文章]{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20110718133154/http://web.xwwb.com/wbnews.php?db=2&thisid=114339 新闻午报：上海长江大桥主塔封顶]

{{Crossings navbox

|structure = Crossings

|place = Yangtze River

|bridge = Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge

|bridge signs = 25px

|upstream = Sutong Bridge

|upstream signs = 25px

|downstream = East China Sea

|downstream signs =

}}

Category:Bridge–tunnels in Asia

Category:Road transport in Shanghai