Shawi Arabic
{{Short description|Arabic dialect of Syro-Mesopotamian Bedouin}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Shawi Arabic
|nativename=
|altname=Šāwi Arabic
|states=
|speakers=
|date=
|ref=
| familycolor = Afroasiatic
| fam2 = Semitic
| fam3 = West Semitic
| fam4 = Central Semitic
| fam5 = Arabic
| fam6 = Mesopotamian
| fam7 = Gilit{{Cite thesis |title=Phonological variation and change in Mesopotamia: a study of accent levelling in the Arabic dialect of Mosul |url=http://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/4345 |publisher=Newcastle University |date=2018 |degree=PhD |language=en |first=Abdulkareem Yaseen |last=Ahmed}}
|listclass=hlist
|isoexception=dialect
|iso3=}}
Shawi or Šāwi Arabic is the Arabic dialect of the sheep-rearing Bedouins of Syro-Mesopotamia.{{Cite journal |last1=Younes |first1=Igor |last2=Herin |first2=Bruno |date=2016-01-01 |title=Šāwi Arabic |url=https://www.academia.edu/30990026 |journal=Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics Online Edition}} The term Šāwi typically refers to the tribes living between the Tigris and the Euphrates, but many tribes are also found elsewhere, such as northern Jordan, Palestine, western Syria, and Lebanon. The dialect of the Arabs of Urfa also belongs to the Šāwi-Bedouin group.{{Cite web |last=Procházka |first=Stephan |date=2003-01-01 |title=The Bedouin Arabic Dialects of Urfa |url=https://www.academia.edu/2107409}}
Classification
Cantineau (1936) was the first classification the dialects of the sheep breeders of northern Arabia. He was the first to coin the terminology ‘petit-nomades’ (sheep breeders) and ‘grand-nomades’ (camel breeders). The Shawi dialects typically represent the ‘petit-nomades’ type.
The hallmark of Shawi dialects is the affrication of Old Arabic *k and *g (< *q) in front environments into č [
History
Phonology
= Consonants<ref name=":0" /> =
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |Labial ! colspan="2" |Interdental ! colspan="2" |Dental/Alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Palatal ! rowspan="2" |Velar ! rowspan="2" |Uvular ! rowspan="2" |Pharyngeal ! rowspan="2" |Glottal |
| style="font-size: 80%;"
!plain !plain |
| colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |Nasal
|{{IPA link|m}} | | |{{IPA link|n}} | | | | | | |
|---|
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |Stop
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |voiceless | | | |{{IPA link|t}} |{{IPA link|tˤ}} |{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} |{{IPA link|k}} |({{IPA link|q}}) | |{{IPA link|ʔ}} |
| style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |voiced
|{{IPA link|b}} | | |{{IPA link|d}} | |{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}} |{{IPA link|ɡ}} | | | |
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |Fricative
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |voiceless |{{IPA link|f}} |{{IPA link|θ}} | |{{IPA link|s}} |{{IPA link|sˤ}} |{{IPA link|ʃ}} |{{IPA link|x}} | |{{IPA link|ħ}} |{{IPA link|h}} |
| style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" |voiced
| |{{IPA link|ð}} |{{IPA link|ðˤ}} |{{IPA link|z}} |({{IPA link|zˤ}}) | |{{IPA link|ɣ}} | |{{IPA link|ʕ}} | |
| colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |Tap/Trill
| | | |{{IPA link|ɾ}} ~ {{IPA link|r}} | | | | | | |
| colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |Approximant
| | | |{{IPA link|l}} | |{{IPA link|j}} |{{IPA link|w}} | | | |