Shi language

{{Short description|Bantu language}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Shi

|nativename=Kishi/Mashi

|states=Democratic Republic of Congo

|region=Sud-Kivu Province

|speakers=660,000

|date=1991

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Niger-Congo

|fam2=Atlantic–Congo

|fam3=Benue–Congo

|fam4=Bantoid

|fam5=Bantu

|fam6=Northeast Bantu

|fam7=Great Lakes Bantu

|fam8=Shi–Havu

|iso3=shr

|guthrie=JD.53

|glotto=shii1238

|glottorefname=Shi

}}

Shi, or Nyabungu, is a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The people who speak Mashi are known as Bashi. They are the largest tribe in South Kivu, whose capital city is Bukavu.

The Bashi occupy a vast region known as Bushi. Like Ngweshe, Kabare, Katana, Luhuinja, Burhinyi, Kaziba, Nyengezi, and Idjui where live the Bahavu who are also part of this group; Idjui is a large island in Kivu lake between DRC and Rwanda.

Phonology

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Dental/
Alveolar

!Post-alv./
Palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|{{IPA link|ɲ}}

|

|

rowspan="2" |Plosive/
Affricate

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|p}}

|{{IPA link|t}}

|{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}

|{{IPA link|k}}

|

voiced

|{{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|d}}

|{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}

|{{IPA link|ɡ}}

|

rowspan="2" |Fricative

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|f}}

|{{IPA link|s}}

|{{IPA link|ʃ}}

|

|{{IPA link|h}}

voiced

|{{IPA link|v}}

|{{IPA link|z}}

|

|

|

rowspan="2" |Rhotic

!voiceless

|

|{{IPA link|r̥}}

|

|

|

voiced

|

|{{IPA link|r}}

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Lateral

|

|{{IPA link|l}}

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Approximant

|{{IPA link|w}}

|

|{{IPA link|j}}

|

|

  • Sounds /t, d, n/ are commonly heard as dental [t̪, d̪, n̪].
  • /d͡ʒ/ may also be heard as a fricative [ʒ].{{Cite book |last=Bashi Murhi-Orhakube |first=Constantin |title=Grammaire du mashi: phonologie, morphologie, mots grammaticaux et lexicaux |publisher=Paris: L'Harmattan |year=2012}}

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

Close

|{{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}}

|

|{{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}}

Close-mid

|{{IPA link|e}} {{IPA link|eː}}

|

|{{IPA link|o}} {{IPA link|oː}}

Open

|

|{{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|aː}}

|

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}

{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)}}

{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Category:Great Lakes Bantu languages

{{Bantu-lang-stub}}