Shilongba Hydropower Station

{{short description|Dam in on the upper reaches of the Tanglang River}}

{{Infobox dam

| name = Shilongba Hydropower Station
{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|石龙坝水电站}}}}

| image = File:石龙坝水电站 01.jpg

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| country = China

| location = on the upper reaches of the Tanglang River{{cite book|author=Jin Chen|title=Evolution and Water Resources Utilization of the Yangtze River|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cW2cDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA302|date=7 June 2019|publisher=Springer|isbn=9789811378720|pages=302–}}

| purpose = Power

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| opening = July 1910

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The Shilongba Hydropower Station ({{zh|石龙坝水电站}}), also called as Shilongba Dam,{{cite book|author1=Jean-Marc Blanchard|author2=Kun-Chin Lin|title=Governance, Domestic Change, and Social Policy in China: 100 Years after the Xinhai Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bFxnDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA186|date=29 October 2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-137-02285-1|pages=186–}} is the first hydropower station in Mainland China.{{Cite journal |last=Ghosh |first=Arunabh |date=2023 |title=Multiple makings at China's first hydroelectric power station at Shilongba, 1908–1912 |journal=History and Technology |volume=38 |issue=2–3 |pages=167–185 |language=en |doi=10.1080/07341512.2022.2112295 |s2cid=252508871 |issn=0734-1512|doi-access=free }}{{cite book|author=Baorong Hou|title=The Cost of Corrosion in China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0WyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA457|date=26 September 2019|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-981-329-354-0|pages=457–}} "Shilongba" refers to "Stone Dragon Dam".{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252860316|title=New energy geographics: Powershed politics and hydropower decision making in Yunnan, China|first= |last= |date= January 22, 2006|accessdate=|work=ResearchGate}} The plant is located upstream of the Tanglang River in Haikou Town, Xishan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province.{{cite book|author=Christopher M. Dent|title=Renewable Energy in East Asia: Towards a New Developmentalism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N0ecBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA213|date=27 November 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-61442-5|pages=213–}}

At present, the hydropower station is still operating normally, and the more than 20 million kWh of electricity that it keeps producing each year is still being delivered to parts of China.{{cite web |url=http://yn.people.com.cn/n2/2018/1202/c378439-32356501.html|title=Shilongba Hydropower Station is still operating normally|first= |last= |date=Dec 2, 2018|accessdate=|work=People's Daily}}

History

In 1908 (Qing Dynasty, Year 34 of Guangxu), wealthy Yunnan merchant Wang Xiaozhai (王筱斋), also known as Wang Hongtu (王鸿图),{{cite book|title=China Time-honored Brand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GNJ3AAAAIAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Higher Education Press|pages=331–| isbn=9787040066333 }} took the lead in recruiting commercial stocks to prepare for the construction of the plant.{{cite book|title=China Water Resources Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pk7lAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=China Water Conservancy & Electric Power Publishing House}}

In July 1910, the construction of the plant began,{{cite book|author=Armelle Guizot|title=Chinese Energy Markets: Trading and Risk Management of Commodities and Renewables|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EKO1AAAAIAAJ|date=15 December 2007|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-55420-7}} with a total installed capacity of 480 kilowatts, and on the evening of May 28, 1912, the hydropower station officially generated electricity, using 22kV transmission lines to supply power to Kunming, which was 32 kilometers away from the power station.{{cite web |url=http://m.xinhuanet.com/yn/2018-03/14/c_137037740.htm|title=Shilongba Hydropower Station turns 100 years old|first= |last= |date=2018-03-14|accessdate=November 23, 2016 |work=Xinhuanet.com}}

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese Air Force bombed the Shilongba Hydropower Station four times from 1939 to 1941, but still failed to destroy the power supply.{{cite web |url=https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-05-09/09558876902s.shtml|title=The sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units selected nine industrial heritage|first= |last= |date=May 9, 2006|accessdate=|work=Sina}}

Since 2002, four small fertilizer and chemical plants located upstream of the Shilongba Hydropower Station have discharged excessive sewage into the Tanglang River, causing serious corrosion of the station's equipment and forcing it to shut down on 14 October 2003{{cite web |url=https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-11-14/14011119387s.shtml|title=Pollution is shocking, China's first hydropower station equipment suffers severe corrosion|first= |last= |date=2003-11-14|accessdate=|work=Sina}} and resume power generation on December 10, 2003. {{cite web |url=http://sthjt.yn.gov.cn/zwxx/xxyw/xxywrdjj/200312/t20031231_1182.html|title=Yunnan provincial and municipal environmental protection departments conducted on-site investigations into complaints of contamination of power generation equipment at Shilongba Hydropower Station|first= |last= |date=December 31, 2003|accessdate=|work=sthjt.yn.gov.cn}}

Media coverage

In January 1927, the first issue of the seventh volume of the German Siemens Magazine published an article titled "Yunnan-Fu, China's First Hydropower Station", specifically evaluating Shilongba Hydropower Station. {{cite book|title=Kunming City History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CvYQAQAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=People's Publishing House|isbn=978-7-01-003398-3}} The article said, "In the remote hinterland of this country, in places far away from world trends and cultural isolation, there have also been those who have transplanted the achievements of Western technology onto their own soil, as some of the brilliant intellectuals and people who dare to pioneer in related parties have done this".{{cite book|author=Yang Tianhong|title=Port Opening and Social Change: Modern China's Study of Self-opening Ports and Harbors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBloAAAAIAAJ|year= 2002|publisher=Zhonghua Book|isbn=978-7-101-03148-5|pages=316–}}

References

Category:Dams in China

Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Yunnan

Category:Buildings and structures in Kunming