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Shrikethrush

{{Short description|Genus of birds}}

{{Automatic Taxobox

| name = Shrikethrushes

| image = GreyShrike-thrushHarmonica (Zarni02).jpg

| image_caption = Grey shrikethrush (C. harmonica)

| taxon = Colluricincla

| authority =Vigors & Horsfield, 1827

| type_species = Colluricincla cinerea{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=143 |title= Pachycephalidae |author= |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-16}}

| type_species_authority = Vigors & Horsfield, 1827

| synonyms = * Alphacincla Mathews, 1914

  • Bowyeria Mathews, 1912
  • Caleya Mathews, 1913
  • Collurisoma Rafinesque, 1815
  • Collyriocichla
  • Collyriocincla
  • Conigravea Mathews, 1913
  • Malacolestes Mayr, 1933
  • Myialestes
  • Myiolestes Bonaparte, 1850

}}

A shrikethrush, also spelled shrike-thrush, is any one of eleven species of songbird that is a member of the genus Colluricincla. They have nondescript, predominantly brown or grey, plumage, but are accomplished singers,{{cite book |title=A Field Guide to Australian Birds: Passerines |last=Slater |first=Peter|year=1974 |publisher=Rigby |location=Adelaide, South Australia |isbn=0-85179-813-6|page=192}} their calls described as "strong, mellow and beautiful."{{cite book|author1=Bruce Campbell |author2=Elizabeth Lack |title=A Dictionary of Birds|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|date=2010|page=390|isbn=9781408138380|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k_7UBAAAQBAJ&q=Shrikethrush&pg=PA590}} Shrikethrushes are generally insectivorous, though have been recorded eating molluscs and berries. They build cup-shaped nests in the forks of trees.{{cite book|last=Gould|first=John|title=An introduction to the Birds of Australia|publisher=Published by the author.|date=1848|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_yBEEAAAAQAAJ/page/n51 38]|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_yBEEAAAAQAAJ}}

Taxonomy and systematics

Nicholas Aylward Vigors and Thomas Horsfield described the genus in 1827, coining the genus name from the Ancient Greek words collurio "shrike" and cinclos "thrush". Noting the beak, they thought it related to shrikes or vangas, though its form was reminiscent of thrushes.{{cite journal |author1=Vigors, Nicholas Aylward |author2=Horsfield, Thomas | year = 1827 | title = A Description of the Australian Birds in the Collection of the Linnean Society; with an Attempt at Arranging them According to their Natural Affinities | journal = Transactions of the Linnean Society of London | volume = 15 | pages = 170–331 [213] | doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00115.x|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1447478 }} Shrikethrushes were commonly known as colluricinclas in the 19th century, but their current name was in use by the late 19th century.{{cite book|last1=Gray|first1=Jeannie|last2=Fraser|first2=Ian|title=Australian Bird Names: A Complete Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1TCqHVWQp0C&q=Shrikethrush&pg=PT267 |year=2013|publisher=Csiro Publishing|isbn=978-0-643-10471-6}}

Molecular studies by Norman and colleagues in 2009 and Jønsson and colleagues in 2010 show the shrikethrushes to lie within the whistler family Pachycephalidae.{{cite journal|author1=Norman, Janette A. |author2=Ericson, Per G. |author3=Jønsson, Knud A. |author4=Fjeldså, Jon |author5=Christidis, Les |date=2009|title=A multi-gene phylogeny reveals novel relationships for aberrant genera of Australo-Papuan core Corvoidea and polyphyly of the Pachycephalidae and Psophodidae (Aves: Passeriformes)|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=52|issue=2|pages=488–97|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2009.03.019 |pmid=19341806}}{{cite journal|author1=Jønsson, Knud A. |author2=Bowie, Rauri C. K. |author3=Moyle, Robert G. |author4=Christidis, Les |author5=Norman, Janette A. |author6=Benz, Brett W. |author7=Fjeldså, Jon |date=2010|title=Historical biogeography of an Indo-Pacific passerine bird family (Pachycephalidae): different colonization patterns in the Indonesian and Melanesian archipelagos|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=37|issue=2|pages=245–57|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02220.x}} Formerly, some authorities classified the shrikethrushes in their own family Colluricinclidae.

Molecular dating suggests the shrikethrushes diverged from the common ancestor of the genus Pseudorectes (their closest relatives) in the mid-Pliocene around 3 million years ago, and that this combined lineage had diverged from the ancestor of the other members of the Pachycephalidae around 5 million years ago in the early Pliocene. The Sangihe whistler was found to be more closely related to the maroon-backed whistler and hence shifted to the genus Coracornis. Genetic investigations of New Guinea populations of the little shrikethrush indicate high levels of genetic divergence, suggesting it may comprise more than one species.{{cite journal|author1=Deiner, Kristy |author2=Lemmon, Alan R. |author3=Mack, Andrew L. |author4=Fleischer, Robert C. |author5=Dumbacher, John P. |date=2011|title=A Passerine Bird's Evolution Corroborates the Geologic History of the Island of New Guinea|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=5|page=e19479|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0019479 |pmc=3089620 |pmid=21573115|bibcode=2011PLoSO...619479D |doi-access=free }}

=Extant species=

The genus Colluricincla contains the following eleven species:

class="wikitable"

! align="center" style="background-color: #D3D3A4" colspan ="4" |Species of Colluricincla

Common and binomial names

! class="unsortable"| Image

! Description

! Range

Bower's shrikethrush (Colluricincla boweri)

| 120px

|

| Far North Queensland

Sooty shrikethrush (Colluricincla tenebrosa)

|

|

| Mountains of central New Guinea

Arafura shrikethrush (Colluricincla megarhyncha)

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| New Guinea and Australia

Variable shrikethrush (Colluricincla fortis)

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| New Guinea

Waigeo shrikethrush (Colluricincla affinis)

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| Waigeo Island, New Guinea

Mamberamo shrikethrush (Colluricincla obscura)

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| New Guinea

Tagula shrikethrush (Colluricincla discolor)

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| Tagula Island, New Guinea

Sepik-Ramu shrikethrush (Colluricincla tappenbecki)

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| New Guinea

Rufous shrikethrush (Colluricincla rufogaster)

| 120px

|

| New Guinea and Australia

Grey shrikethrush (Colluricincla harmonica)

| 120px

|

| Throughout mainland Australia and Tasmania

Sandstone shrikethrush (Colluricincla woodwardi)

|120px

|

| Northern Territory into western Queensland and Western Australia

=Former species=

Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Colluricincla:

  • Sangihe whistler (as Colluricincla sanghirensis){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=9A7D5255A43E0AC7|title=Coracornis sanghirensis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-01-29}}
  • Island whistler (as Myiolestes phaionotus){{Cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=8F42FC3193D1A28A|title=Pachycephala phaionota - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-01-31}}
  • Yellow-throated whistler (as Myiolestes macrorhynchus){{Cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=BBE89E11&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Pachycephala macrorhyncha - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-02-02}}
  • Biak whistler (as Colluricincla melanorhyncha)
  • Morningbird (as Colluricincla tenebrosa){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=21B46047EBE8C3BF|title=Pachycephala tenebrosa - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-02-13}}
  • White-bellied pitohui (as Colluricincla incerta){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=CBC2CE1FA5AF6236|title=Pseudorectes incertus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-02-13}}
  • Rusty pitohui (as Colluricincla ferruginea){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=FF953F550AF40394|title=Pseudorectes ferrugineus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-02-14}}
  • Fiji shrikebill (as Myiolestes vitiensis){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=0A8A08F2B1627C0A|title=Clytorhynchus vitiensis [vitiensis, incl. fortunae, powelli] - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-01-12}}
  • Fiji shrikebill (buensis) (as Myiolestes buensis){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=50C16D0F&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Clytorhynchus vitiensis buensis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-01-12}}
  • Futuna lesser shrikebill (as Myiolestes fortunae){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=53735C58&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Clytorhynchus vitiensis fortunae - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-01-12}}
  • Fiji shrikebill (heinei) (as Myiolestes heinei){{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=1FD3504C&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Clytorhynchus vitiensis heinei - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-01-12}}

References

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Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot