Shruti box
{{Short description|Indian musical instrument}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{About|the musical instrument|the series of internet music videos by Shankar Tucker|Shankar Tucker#The ShrutiBox}}
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File:A play of Manual Shruti Box.ogv
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A shruti box (sruti box, shrutibox, srutibox or surpeti) is a musical instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, that traditionally works on a system of bellows. It is similar to a harmonium and is used to provide a drone in a practice session or concert of Indian classical music.{{cite news|title=The Magic of Hindu Music: Exploring the religious, historical and social forces that shaped Hindu music and now propel it into the future|url=http://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/print.php?itemid=1515|access-date=6 December 2011|newspaper=Hinduism Today|date=1 October 2007|author=Dr. Guy L. Beck}} It is used as an accompaniment to other instruments and notably the flute. The shruti box is also used in classical singing. In classical singing, the shruti box is used to help tune the voice. The use of the shruti box has widened with the cross-cultural influences of world music and new-age music to provide a drone for many other instruments as well as vocalists and mantra singing.
Adjustable buttons allow tuning. Nowadays, electronic shruti boxes are commonly used, which are called shruthi pettige in Kannada, shruti petti in Tamil, Malayalam, and Telugu, and sur peti in Hindi.{{cite book|title=Children's Book of Music|year=2010|publisher=DK Publishing|isbn=9780756676384|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RYbKmjRSYuYC&q=%22surpeti%22&pg=PA33|page=33}}{{cite web|last=Montes|first=Manuel|title=Nóirín Ní Riain: Celtic Soul|url=http://www.amazings.com/articles/article0030.html|work=Amazing Sounds|access-date=6 December 2011}}
Recent versions also allow for changes to be made in the tempo, and the notes such as Madhyamam, Nishadam to be played in place of the usual three notes (i.e., lower shadjam, panchamam, and the upper shadjam).
History
Before the arrival of the harmonium in the Indian subcontinent, musicians used either a tambura or a specific pitch reference instrument, such as the nadaswaram, to produce the drone. Some forms of music such as Yakshagana used the pungi reed pipe as drone. After the Western small pump harmonium became popular, musicians would modify the harmonium to automatically produce the reference pitch. Typically, one would open up the cover and adjust the stop of the harmonium to produce a drone.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
Later, a keyless version of the harmonium was invented for the specific purpose of producing the drone sound. It was given the name shruti box or sruti box. These types of instruments had controls on the top or on the side of the box for controlling the pitch.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
The shruti box is enjoying a renaissance in the West among traditional and contemporary musicians, who are using it for a range of different styles. In the early nineties, traditional Irish singer Nóirín Ní Riain brought the shruti box to Ireland, giving it a minor place in traditional Irish music. More recently Scottish folk artists Karine Polwart and Julie Fowlis used the instrument on some of their songs.{{cite web|title=Karine Polwart FAQs|url=http://www.karinepolwart.com/about/faqs.php|work=karinepolwart.com|access-date=6 December 2011}}[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOu0qORSDK0 A Ghaoil, Leig Dhachaigh Gum Mhathair Mi], by Julie Fowlis, from the album 'Gach Sgeul / Every Story', on youtube.com Singers find it very useful as an accompaniment and instrumentalists enjoy the drone reference it gives to play along with.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
See also
{{Portal|India|Music}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Shruti box}}
- [https://artiumacademy.com/tools/tanpura-shruti-box Practice Shruti box online] Use online Shruti Box effectively by choosing a pitch that matches your vocal range or instrument.
- [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.kuyil.shrutibox Pocket Shruti Box] (Android app) produces Tambura drone based on [https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/a-realtime-synthesis-oriented-tanpura-model(8a25fbc2-dbaf-4ea2-8f29-52b747a4c3a0).html a physical model] developed by researchers at the Sonic Arts Research Center of Queen's University Belfast.
- [https://www.youtube.com/user/shrutiboxuk Shruti Box videos] Videos of professional Shruti boxes in action.
- [http://shruti.hejje.com Yashagana Shruti Box] Free Software Online/WINDOWS/Linux/Mobile/iPhone/Android.
- [http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~mrahaim tanpura mp3 downloads] free tanpura mp3 downloads from Matthew Rahaim (sa-pa and sa-ma) A, B, C, C{{music|#}}, D
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Category:Indian musical instruments