Shwebo

File:Alaungpaya's tomb, Shwebo.jpg

Up to 1752, Shwebo was a village, called Moksobo ({{langx|my|မုဆိုးဘို}} {{IPA|my|moʊʔ sʰó bò|}}; {{lit|Hunter Chief}}) of about 300 houses.{{Cite book| author=GE Harvey | title=History of Burma | pages=219–220 | chapter=Shan Migration (Ava) | publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. | year=1925 | location=London}} It lies near the site of the ancient Pyu city-state of Hanlin.{{Cite web|url=http://dlxs.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=sea;cc=sea;sid=c54ccfd29dcac09983c9221eabbcd67e;rgn=full%20text;idno=sea282;view=image;seq=478 |title=Wanderings in Burma|first=George W|last=Bird|year=1897|publisher=F J Bright & Son|location= England|pages=328, 329, 332}} On 29 February 1752, the chief of the village Aung Zeya founded the Konbaung Dynasty to resist the upcoming invasion of Lower Burma-based Hanthawaddy forces. Aung Zeya, who also assumed the royal title of Alaungpaya, gained the allegiance of 46 surrounding villages, and organized defenses building a stockade and digging a moat around Moksobo. He renamed his village, Shwebo ({{lit|lit|Golden Chief}}). Over the next eight years, Alaungpaya led the reunification of Burma with Shwebo as his capital.

Shwebo lost its status as capital after Alaungpaya's death in 1760. The successor Naungdawgyi moved the capital to Sagaing closer to the Irrawaddy river. Nonetheless, Shwebo continued to be an important region throughout the Konbaung era (1752–1885), providing a disproportionate share of soldiers that served in Konbaung's armies. The region was usually held as an appanage by the most senior princes, usually the crown prince. It was to Shwebo that Prince of Mindon went in 1853 to raise the standard of rebellion in his successful bid to overthrow his half brother Pagan.

{{Contains special characters|Burmese}}

Shwebo is famous for its five names. Five titles had been conferred to the city namely:

1. Moksobo ({{lang|my|မုဆိုးဘို}}), its original name
2. Yadana-Theinhka ({{lang|my|ရတနာသိင်္ဃ}}){{cite journal|last=Pe|first=Hla |author2=Anna J. Allott |author3=John Okell|year=1963|title=Three 'Immortal' Burmese Songs|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|publisher=Cambridge University Press on behalf of School of Oriental and African Studies|volume=26|issue=3|pages=563|jstor=611566|doi=10.1017/s0041977x00070324}}
3. Konbaung ({{lang|my|ကုန်းဘောင်}})
4. Yangyi-Aung ({{lang|my|ရန်ကြီးအောင်}}), and
5. Shwebo ({{lang|my|ရွှေဘို}}), its modern name.

Most of the people know the above names but the name "အယုစြ်ဇပူရ" and "မြေဘုံသာ" ("Ayuhcyajpuur" and "Myaybhonesar") are rarely known.

Located in the “Dry Valley” in the rain shadow of the Arakan Mountains, Shwebo lies on the boundary between a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw) and a hot semi-arid climate (BSh). The city received {{convert|4.37|in|mm}} of rainfall on 19 October 2011. It was the record breaking rainfall within 24 hours of October for past 48 years. The previous record was {{convert|3.84|in|mm}} of 24 October 1993.http://www.mrtv3.net.mm/newpaper/2110newsm.pdf{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Page 10 Col 2

{{Weather box

|location = Shwebo (1991–2020, extremes 2001-present)

|single line = Y

|metric first = Y

|width = auto

|collapsed =

|Jan record high C = 36.0

|Feb record high C = 38.0

|Mar record high C = 42.0

|Apr record high C = 44.0

|May record high C = 45.0

|Jun record high C = 41.5

|Jul record high C = 39.0

|Aug record high C = 41.0

|Sep record high C = 39.0

|Oct record high C = 39.0

|Nov record high C = 36.0

|Dec record high C = 34.0

|year record high C = 45.0

|Jan record low C = 9.0

|Feb record low C = 8.2

|Mar record low C = 13.0

|Apr record low C = 18.2

|May record low C = 19.0

|Jun record low C = 23.0

|Jul record low C = 21.0

|Aug record low C = 22.0

|Sep record low C = 22.0

|Oct record low C = 17.0

|Nov record low C = 14.0

|Dec record low C = 10.0

|year record low C = 8.2

|Jan high C = 29.4

|Feb high C = 32.4

|Mar high C = 35.9

|Apr high C = 38.1

|May high C = 36.5

|Jun high C = 34.8

|Jul high C = 34.5

|Aug high C = 33.6

|Sep high C = 33.3

|Oct high C = 32.4

|Nov high C = 31.1

|Dec high C = 29.1

|year high C = 33.4

|Jan mean C = 21.2

|Feb mean C = 23.8

|Mar mean C = 27.7

|Apr mean C = 30.9

|May mean C = 30.7

|Jun mean C = 30.0

|Jul mean C = 29.8

|Aug mean C = 29.2

|Sep mean C = 28.9

|Oct mean C = 27.6

|Nov mean C = 24.8

|Dec mean C = 21.7

|year mean C = 27.2

|Jan low C = 13.1

|Feb low C = 15.3

|Mar low C = 19.6

|Apr low C = 23.7

|May low C = 24.9

|Jun low C = 25.1

|Jul low C = 25.0

|Aug low C = 24.8

|Sep low C = 24.4

|Oct low C = 22.8

|Nov low C = 18.5

|Dec low C = 14.3

|year low C = 20.9

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 2.9

|Feb precipitation mm = 2.3

|Mar precipitation mm = 6.2

|Apr precipitation mm = 18.9

|May precipitation mm = 101.5

|Jun precipitation mm = 105.5

|Jul precipitation mm = 88.8

|Aug precipitation mm = 167.2

|Sep precipitation mm = 159.3

|Oct precipitation mm = 139.6

|Nov precipitation mm = 20.5

|Dec precipitation mm = 3.6

|year precipitation mm = 816.3

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 0.4

|Feb precipitation days = 0.4

|Mar precipitation days = 0.7

|Apr precipitation days = 2.3

|May precipitation days = 8.0

|Jun precipitation days = 7.7

|Jul precipitation days = 6.8

|Aug precipitation days = 9.9

|Sep precipitation days = 9.9

|Oct precipitation days = 7.9

|Nov precipitation days = 1.8

|Dec precipitation days = 0.6

|year precipitation days = 56.4

|source 1 = World Meteorological Organization{{cite web

| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Myanmar/CSV/Shwebo_48033.csv

| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020

| publisher = World Meteorological Organization

| access-date = 16 October 2023}}

|source 2 = Norwegian Meteorological Institute (extremes){{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181008145507/http://met-xpprod.customer.enonic.io/publikasjoner/met-report/met-report-2017/_/attachment/download/a3bf1468-4e93-486a-aa3f-4bea3871cffa:b8f39ba9ecfbde7d7c6da8ca769f4a1a96d61d39/MyanmarClimateReportFINAL24Oct2017.pdf | archive-date = 8 October 2018 | url = http://met-xpprod.customer.enonic.io/publikasjoner/met-report/met-report-2017/_/attachment/download/a3bf1468-4e93-486a-aa3f-4bea3871cffa:b8f39ba9ecfbde7d7c6da8ca769f4a1a96d61d39/MyanmarClimateReportFINAL24Oct2017.pdf | title = Myanmar Climate Report | publisher = Norwegian Meteorological Institute | pages =23–36 | access-date = 1 December 2018}}

}}

File:Shwebo-Myitkyina Highway.jpg

Shwebo is served by Myanmar Railways's Mandalay-Myitkyina railway line.

• 2012 Shwebo earthquake
• Basic Education High School No. 3 Shwebo

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/BM/10/Shwebo.html "Shwebo, Burma"], Falling Rain Genomics, Inc.
• [http://www.maplandia.com/burma/sagaing/shwebo/shwebo/ "Shwebo Map — Satellite Images of Shwebo"], Maplandia
• [http://www.shwebo.net A community website about Shwebo]

{{s-start}}

{{s-hou|}}

{{s-bef|before=Ava}}

{{s-ttl|title=Capital of Burma|years=29 February 1752 – 26 July 1760}}

{{s-aft|after=Sagaing}}

{{s-end}}

{{Coord|22|34|N|95|42|E|display=title}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}

Category:Township capitals of Myanmar

Category:Populated places in Sagaing Region

Category:Shwebo District