Siberia Governorate
{{Short description|1708–1782 unit of Russia}}
{{Coord|58|11|N|68|16|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
| native_name = {{native name|ru|Сибирская губерния}}
| conventional_long_name = Siberia Governorate
| common_name = Siberia
| subdivision = Governorate
| nation = Russian Empire
| year_start = 1708
| date_start = {{OldStyleDateNY|December 29|December 18}}
| year_end = 1782
| date_end = {{OldStyleDateNY|January 30|January 19}}
| p1 =
| s1 = Tobolsk Viceroyalty
| s2 = Kolyvan Viceroyalty
| s3 = Irkutsk Governorate
| image_coat = Historical Coat of Arms of Siberia.png
| image_map = History of Russia, 1682-1762.jpg
| image_map_caption = Governorate subdivision of Russian Empire in 1682-1762. Siberia Governorate is shown as number 8.
| image_map2 = Царство Сибирское.jpg
| capital = Tobolsk
| political_subdiv = three provinces
| stat_pop1 =
| stat_area1 =
| stat_year1 =
}}
File:Coat of Arms of Siberian Tsarstvo 1882.svg
Siberia Governorate ({{langx|ru|Сибирская губерния|Sibirskaya guberniya}}) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1782. Its seat was in Tobolsk (initially spelt as Tobolesk). The governorate was located in the east of Russian Empire and bordered China in the south, Kazan Governorate in the southwest, and Archangelgorod Governorate in the northwest. In the north and the east, the governorate was limited by the seas of the Arctic and Pacific Oceans. In terms of area, Siberia Governorate was by far the biggest of all the governorates, as it included areas in the Urals, Siberia, and the Russian Far East some of which were not yet even settled by Russians at the time.
Establishment
Siberia Governorate, together with seven other governorates, was established on {{OldStyleDateNY|December 29|December 18}}, 1708, by Tsar Peter the Great's edict.[http://constitution.garant.ru/history/act1600-1918/2005/ Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов] {{in lang|ru}} As with the rest of the governorates, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Siberia Governorate were defined; instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities and the lands adjacent to those cities.{{cite web|url=http://geo.1september.ru/2001/15/2.htm|title=Изменение административно-территориального деления России за последние 300 лет|author=С. А. Тархов|year=2001|work=Электронная версия журнала "География"}}
At the time of establishment, the following thirty cities were included in Siberia Governorate:
- (listed as towns)
:#Beryozov
:#Ilimskoy
:#Irkutskoy
:#Ketskoy
:#Narym
:#Nerchinskoy
:#Pelym
:#Surgut
:#Tara
:#Tobolesk
:#Tomskoy
:#Turinsk
:#Tyumen
:#Yakutskoy
- (listed as Pomor towns)
:#Cherdyn
:#Kungur
:#Vyatka with four unnamed suburbs
:#Yarensk
Transformations and disestablishment
In 1719, the governorate was divided into three provinces: Vyatka, Solikamsk, and Tobolsk. Simultaneously, Yarensky Uyezd with the administrative center of Yarensk was moved from Siberia Governorate to Archangelgorod Governorate.{{cite journal|last=Лукошников|first=В. А.|date=March 22, 2006|script-title=ru:Яренский уезд|journal=Маяк|issue=22|url=http://www.arhpress.ru/mayak/2006/3/22/3.shtml|language=ru}}
In 1724, Tobolsk Province was split into Yeniseysk, Irkutsk, and Tobolsk Provinces. In 1727, Vyatka and Solikamsk Provinces were transferred to Kazan Governorate.{{cite book|last1=Софронов|first1=Вячеслав Юрьевич|last2=Сладкова|first2=Любовь Николаевна|script-title=ru:Культурное наследие Западной Сибири|url=http://elar.urfu.ru/bitstream/10995/1432/3/1324734_schoolbook.pdf|year=2007|publisher=Уральский государственный университет|location=Yekaterinburg|language=ru|pages=75–76}}
In 1736, Okhotsky Uyezd was split off from Yakutsky Uyezd. In the same year, Siberia Governorate was split into two independent areas: Siberia Province, which consisted of the former Tobolsk and Yeniseysk Provinces, under the authority of the governor (posted in Tobolsk), and Irkutsk Province. In 1737, the areas in the South Urals were organized into Iset Province with the center in the town of Shadrinsk, and the province was transferred into Orenburg Governorate. In 1764, Irkutsk Governorate was established in place of the former Irkutsk Province.
In 1782, Siberia Governorate was abolished, and its area split into Tobolsk Viceroyalty and Kolyvan Viceroyalty. Irkutsk Governorate was transformed into Irkutsk Viceroyalty.
Governors
The administration of the governorate was performed by a governor. The governors of Siberia Governorate were:{{cite web|url=http://whp057.narod.ru/tjume-tob.htm|script-title=ru:ТОБОЛЬСКИЙ РАЙОН|publisher=narod.ru |language=ru|access-date=21 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205201335/http://whp057.narod.ru/tjume-tob.htm|archive-date=December 5, 2009|df=mdy-all}}
- 1708–1714 Matvey Petrovich Gagarin
- 1714–1716 Ivan Bibikov (acting governor)
- 1716–1719 Matvey Petrovich Gagarin, imprisoned in 1719 and executed by hanging in 1721 for corruption;
- 1719–1724 Alexey Mikhaylovich Cherkassky
- 1724–1726 Mikhail Vladimirovich Dolgorukov
- 1726–1727 Alexey Mikhaylovich Surov (acting governor)
- 1727–1728 Mikhail Vladimirovich Dolgorukov
- 1728–1731 Ivan Vasilyevich Boltin (vice-governor, acting governor)
- 1730 Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov (never arrived to Tobolsk, imprisoned and subsequently executed in 1739)
- 1731–1736 Alexey Lvovich Pleshcheyev
- 1736–1741 Pyotr Ivanovich Buturlin
- 1741–1742 Ivan Afanasyevich Shipov
- 1742–1752 Alexey Mikhaylovich Sukharev
- 1754–1757 Vasily Alexeyevich Myatlev
- 1757–1763 Fyodor Ivanovich Soymonov
- 1763–1780 Denis Ivanovich Chicherin
See also
- {{portal-inline|Siberia}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Subdivisions of the Russian Empire}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2014}}
Category:Governorates of the Russian Empire
Category:States and territories established in 1708
Category:1708 establishments in Russia