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Sideroxylon

{{Short description|Genus of trees}}

{{other uses}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|name = Bully trees

|image = Starr_010330-0568_Sideroxylon_persimile.jpg

|image_caption = Sideroxylon persimile

|taxon = Sideroxylon

|authority = L.{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?11147 |title=Genus: Sideroxylon L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2009-09-30 |accessdate=2010-11-01}}

|type_species= Sideroxylon inerme

|type_species_authority = L.lectotype designated by Baillon, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 908 (1891)

|synonyms_ref = [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30004465-2 Sideroxylon L.] Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 7 April 2025.

|synonyms =

  • Apterygia Baehni
  • Argan {{small|Dryand.}}
  • Argania {{small|Roem. & Schult.}}
  • Bumelia Sw.
  • Calvaria Comm. ex C.F.Gaertn.
  • Cryptogyne Hook.f.
  • Decateles Raf.
  • Dipholis A.DC.
  • Edgeworthia Falc. 1842, illegitimate homonym, not Meisn. 1841 (Thymelaeaceae)
  • Lyciodes Kuntze
  • Mastichodendron (Engl.) H.J.Lam
  • Monotheca A.DC.
  • Nesoluma Baill.
  • Reptonia A.DC.
  • Robertia Scop., rejected name
  • Robertsia Endl.
  • Rostellaria C.F.Gaertn.
  • Sarcorhyna {{small|C.Presl}}
  • Sclerocladus Raf.
  • Sinosideroxylon (Engl.) Aubrév.
  • Spondogona Raf., rejected name
  • Tatina Raf.
  • Verlangia {{small|Neck. ex Raf.}}

|}}

File:Sideroxylon mirmulano leaves.jpg]]

Sideroxylon is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40000075 Tropicos, Sideroxylon L.][https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358211#page/204/mode/1up Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 192-193] in Latin They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (sideros), meaning "iron", and ξύλον (xylon), meaning "wood."{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJ6PyhVuecwC |title=The Names of Plants |first=D. |last=Gledhill |edition=4 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-86645-3 |year=2008 |page=352}}

Distribution

The genus is distributed mainly in North and South America, but also in Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia, and various oceanic islands.[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=191745 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families] Some species, such as gum bully (S. lanuginosum), S. tenax, and buckthorn bully (S. lycioides), are found in subtropical areas of North America. The only South African species, the white milkwood (S. inerme), is associated with three historical sites, and these individuals were declared national monuments due to their unusual longevity.[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=130321 Flora of North America, Vol. 8 Page 236, Bully, Sideroxylon Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 192. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 89. 1754. ][http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=130439 Flora of China, Vol. 15 Page 212, 铁榄属 tie lan shu Sinosideroxylon (Engler) Aubreville, Adansonia, n.s. 3: 32. 1963. ]

Ecology

Several species have become rare due to logging and other forms of habitat destruction. The tambalacoque (S. grandiflorum) of Mauritius was affected by the extinction of the birds which dispersed its seed; it was suggested that the species entirely depended on the dodo (Raphus cucullatus) for that purpose and nearly became a victim of coextinction, but this is not correct.{{cite journal |first=M. C. |last=Witmer |author2=A. S. Cheke |year=1991 |title=The dodo and the tambalacoque tree: an obligate mutualism reconsidered |journal=Oikos |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=133–137 |url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=5082004 |doi=10.2307/3545415|jstor=3545415 |bibcode=1991Oikos..61..133W }}{{cite journal |first=D. R. |last=Hershey |year=2004 |url=http://www.botany.org/PlantScienceBulletin/psb-2004-50-4.php#Dodo |title=The widespread misconception that the tambalacoque absolutely required the dodo for its seeds to germinate |journal=Plant Science Bulletin |volume=50 |pages=105–108}} Bully trees provide food for the larvae of certain Lepidoptera, such as the bumelia webworm moth (Urodus parvula) as well as several species of Coleoptera of the genus Plinthocoelium, commonly known as bumelia borers.

Species

83 species are currently accepted.

{{div col}}

{{div col end}}

=Formerly placed here=

  • Micropholis acutangula {{small|(Ducke) Eyma}} (as S. acutangulum {{small|Ducke}}){{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?11147 |title=GRIN Species Records of Sideroxylon |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-09-10}}
  • Micropholis crassipedicellata {{small|(Mart. & Eichler ex Miq.) Pierre}} (as S. crassipedicellatum {{small|Mart. & Eichler ex Miq.}})
  • Micropholis guyanensis {{small|(A.DC.) Pierre}} (as S. guyanense {{small|A.DC.}})
  • Micropholis rugosa {{small|(Sw.) Pierre}} (as S. rugosum {{small|(Sw.) Roem. & Schult.}})
  • Olinia ventosa {{small|(L.) Cufod.}} (as S. cymosum {{small|L.f.}})
  • Planchonella australis {{small|(R.Br.) Pierre}} (as S. australe {{small|(R.Br.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex F.Muell.}})
  • Planchonella costata {{small|(Endl.) Pierre}} (as S. costatum {{small|(Endl.) F.Muell.}})
  • Planchonella eerwah {{small|(F.M.Bailey) P.Royen}} (as S. eerwah {{small|F.M.Bailey}})
  • Planchonella macrantha {{small|(Merr.) Swenson}} (as S. macranthum {{small|Merr.}})
  • Pouteria elegans {{small|(A.DC.) Baehni}} (as S. elegans {{small|A.DC.}})
  • Pouteria reticulata {{small|(Engl.) Eyma}} (as S. uniloculare {{small|Donn.Sm.}})
  • Pouteria sapota {{small|(Jacq.) H.E.Moore & Stearn}} (as S. sapota {{small|Jacq.}})
  • Synsepalum dulcificum {{small|(Schumach.) Daniell}} (as S. dulcificum {{small|(Schumach.) A.DC.}})

References

{{Commons category}}

{{Wikispecies}}

External links

  • {{ITIS |id=500559 |taxon=Sideroxylon}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1067086}}

Category:Sapotaceae genera

Category:Taxa described in 1753

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus