Siege of Copenhagen (1368)
{{Short description|Siege and looting of Copenhagen by Hanseatic forces in 1368}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Siege of Copenhagen
| place = Copenhagen, Denmark
| date = 4 April – 16 June 1368
| image = Eroberung Kopenhagens durch die Hanse 1368 (Cropped).png
| image_size = 300
| caption = Conquest of Copenhagen by German Hanse, 1368.
| coordinates = {{coord|55|40|34|N|12|34|06|E|type:city(1800000)_scale:5000000_region:DK|display=inline,title}}
| territory = Copenhagen occupied by the Hanseatic League
| result = Hanseatic victory
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Hanseatenwimpel.svg}} Hanseatic League
| combatant2 = {{Flag|Medieval Denmark|name= Denmark}}
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Hanseatenwimpel.svg}} Unknown
| commander2 = {{Flagicon|Medieval Denmark}} Unknown{{Surrender}}
| strength1 = 37 ships
2,000 men
| strength2 = Unknown
| casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = Unknown
| units1 = Unknown
| units2 = {{Flagicon|Medieval Denmark}} Absalon's Castle garrison
| partof = the Danish-Hanseatic War (1361–1370)
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Danish–Hanseatic Wars (1361–1370)}}
}}
The siege of Copenhagen ({{Langx|da|Belejringen af København}}) or the Capture of Copenhagen ({{Langx|da|Overtagelsen af København}}), was a looting and siege of Copenhagen and Absalon's Castle in 1368 between Denmark and the Hanseatic League, during the Danish-Hanseatic War (1361–1370). The city was looted and Absalon's castle was destroyed.
Background
In November 1367, members of the Hanseatic diet held in Cologne formed a confederation to defeat the Valdemar IV of Denmark.{{Sfn|Reisnert|2015|p=206}} The confederation received support from Count Adolf of Holstein and Albert, King of Sweden. The war began when King Albert invaded Scania, quickly taking cities like Falsterbo, Ystad, and Simrishamn.{{Sfn|Reisnert|2015|p=208}} Meanwhile, Nicholas, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg invaded Jutland taking Ribe and Viborg.{{Sfn|Reisnert|2015|p=208}}
Action
With 37 ships and 2,000 armed men, the main fleet weighted anchor from Lübeck on 4 April 1368, with Copenhagen as their target.{{Sfn|Reisnert|2015|p=208}} Includingly, 400 horses, 8 trebuchets, 4 catapults, and several battering rams were also on board.{{Sfn|Reisnert|2015|p=208}} When the fleet reached Copenhagen, the city quickly fell, however, Absalon's castle still held out.{{Sfn|Steenstrup|1907|p=349}} The castle would continue to do this for the next couple of weeks until the garrison surrendered with permission to move away freely.{{Sfn|Steenstrup|1907|p=349}}
Aftermath
The Hanseatic leader describes the looting of the fort as follows:{{Sfn|Etting|2021|p=}}
{{Blockquote|text=[we] came up to the castle and found in a chest many beautiful things both of the king's silver tableware as well as jugs, trays, silver drinking vessels, bowls and dishes. In another chest we found exceedingly beautiful silk ornaments, as at festivals belong in the church. In a barrel we found his tournament gear, which belongs to him horses etc.|author=Hanseatic leader}}
It seems that the king's property was not allowed to be taken away by the Danes.{{Sfn|Etting|2021|p=}} Now an important choice was to be made, and after much consideration, the Hanseatics agreed to destroy Absalon's Castle. As such they could hinder the Danes in retaking Copenhagen. {{Sfn|Etting|2021|p=}}
See also
- {{Annotated link|Battle of Helsingborg (1362)}}
- {{Annotated link|History of Copenhagen}}
- {{Annotated link|Siege of Vordingborg}}
- {{Annotated link|Siege of Kolding (1368–1369)}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{Cite book |last=Reisnert |first=Anders |url=https://pure.au.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/162355026/Castles_At_War.pdf |title=The Siege and Storm of Lindholmen during the Second Hanseatic War (1368-1369) |publisher=DR. RUDOLF HABELT GMBH • BONN |year=2015 |location=Sweden}}
- {{Cite book |last=Steenstrup |first=Johannes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qhDAAAAYAAJ&dq=k%C3%B8benhavn+belejring+1368&pg=PA349 |title=Danmarks riges historie: 1241-1481 af Kr. Erslev |publisher=Gyldendalske boghandel |year=1907 |location= |language=Danish}}
- {{Cite book |last=Reinhardt |first=Christian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0N_8wcYB67MC&dq=lindholmen+1369&pg=PA443 |title=Valdemar Atterdag og hans Kongegjerning |publisher=Gad |year=1880 |location= |pages= |language=Danish}}
- {{Cite book |last=Etting |first=Vivian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pI08EAAAQBAJ&dq=k%C3%B8benhavn+belejring+1368&pg=PT20 |title=Margrete 1. |publisher=Gyldendal |year=2021 |location= |pages= |language=Danish}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Copenhagen 1368}}
Category:Sieges involving Denmark
Category:Naval battles involving the Hanseatic League
Category:Attacks on castles in Denmark