Siege of Frankenthal

{{Short description|1623 battle of the Thirty Years' War}}

{{Infobox military conflict

|conflict=Siege of Frankenthal

| image=Abriss der Stadt Franckenthal 1621.jpg

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|caption=1625 engraving of the siege

|partof=the Palatinate phase of the Thirty Years' War

|date= 1621 – March 20, 1623

|place= Frankenthal, Electorate of Palatinate
(present-day Germany)

| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=it}}

| map_type = Germany Rhineland-Palatinate#Germany

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|result=Imperial–Spanish victoryPolišenský/Snider. War and society in Europe (1618-1648)

|combatant1={{Flagicon image|Flag of The Electoral Palatinate (1604).svg}} Electoral Palatinate
{{flag|Kingdom of England}}

|combatant2={{flagicon|Holy Roman Empire}} Holy Roman Empire
{{flagicon|Spain|1506}} Spain

|commander1={{flagicon|England}} John Burroughs

|commander2={{flagicon|Spain|1506}} Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba

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|campaignbox ={{Campaignbox Palatinate campaign}}

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{{Campaignbox Thirty Years' War Bohemian Revolt}}

The siege of Frankenthal was a siege of the Palatinate campaign during the Thirty Years' War. A Spanish army under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba besieged the Palatinate fortified city of Frankenthal and its mostly English garrison commanded by John Burroughs. The siege lasted from 1621 to March 20, 1623, when King James I ordered the city to surrender.Wilson, Peter H. "The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy". Harvard University Press, 2011, p. 340.

Background

In the early seventeenth century, the city's fortifications were upgraded by Frederick IV, Elector Palatine in preparation for war. Frederick also refortified Heidelberg and created the fortress-city of Mannheim.Childs, John. Warfare in the Seventeenth Century, eds. John Keegan. London: Cassell & Co., 2001 p. 17. Frankenthal had an important strategic role within the Electorate of the Palatinate.

On May 23, 1618, the Kingdom of Bohemia rose in revolt against Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and offered the crown to Frederick V, Elector Palatine, who, by accepting the Bohemian offer, brought the Electorate of the Palatinate into the war, thus broadening the conflict.

References