Silanion

{{Short description|Ancient Greek sculptor}}

File:Silanion Tragic Mask.jpg, Athens, Greece.]]

File:Head Platon Glyptothek Munich 548.jpg)]]

Silanion ({{langx|grc|Σιλανίων}}, gen. Σιλανίωνος) was the best-known of the Greek portrait-sculptors working during the fourth century BC.Eduard Schmidt, in Archaeologischen Jahrbuch, 47 (1932) 246ff., and 49 (1934) 180ff. Pliny gives his floruit as the 113th Olympiad, that is, around 328–325 BCE (Natural History, 34.51), and records he had no famous teacher. His idealized portrait head of Plato was commissioned by Mithridates of Persia for the Academy of Athens, c. 370 BC.According to Diogenes Laërtius (3.25,) crediting Favorinus in his Memorabilia. Later copies of it and of an idealized portrait head of Sappho survive. Both are of simple ideal type, the Sappho not strictly a portrait, since Sappho (sixth century BC) lived before the age of portraiture.Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed., 1911, s.v. "Silanion"; F.D. Lazenby, "Das Bildnis der Sappho", The Classical World, 1967. The best copy of the Plato is in the Glyptothek of Munich (illustration).Another copy in the Capitoline Museums, Rome; a further copy is in the National Museum, Athens.

Silanion also produced a "portrait" of the poet Corinna. Other "portrait" heads by Silanion evoked mythic and legendary heroes. An Achilles mentioned by Pliny was later adapted to represent Ares,S. Lattimore, "Ares and the Heads of Heroes", American Journal of Archaeology, 83.1 (January 1979). and an equally idealized Theseus is mentioned by Plutarch.

Silanion wrote a treatise on proportions that is mentioned by Vitruvius (vii, introduction), but has otherwise been lost to the ages.