Silver sulfate
{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 464391509
| Name = Silver sulfate
| ImageFile = silver sulfate.svg
| ImageSize = 160px
| ImageName = Skeletal formula of silver sulfate
| ImageFile1 =
| ImageSize1 = 150px
| ImageFile2 = Zilversulfaat.JPG
| ImageName2 = Sample of silver sulfate
| IUPACName = Silver(I) sulfate
| OtherNames = Disilver sulfate
Argentous sulfate
| SystematicName =
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 10294-26-5
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 140554
| PubChem = 159865
| UNII = 8QG6HV4ZPO
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| EC_number = 233-653-7
| UNNumber = 3077
| SMILES = [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/2Ag.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
| InChI = 1/2Ag.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
| InChIKey = YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-NUQVWONBAA
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Ag2SO4
| Ag=2 | S=1 | O=4
| Appearance = Colorless solid
| Odor = Odorless
| Density = 5.45 g/cm3 (25 °C)
4.84 g/cm3 (660 °C)
| Solubility = 0.57 g/100 mL (0 °C)
0.69 g/100 mL (10 °C)
0.83 g/100 mL (25 °C)
0.96 g/100 mL (40 °C)
1.33 g/100 mL (100 °C){{cite book|last1 = Seidell|first1 = Atherton|last2 = Linke|first2 = William F.|year = 1919|title = Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds|url = https://archive.org/details/solubilitiesino01seidgoog|publisher = D. Van Nostrand Company|place = New York|edition = 2nd|pages = [https://archive.org/details/solubilitiesino01seidgoog/page/n647 622]–623}}
| SolubleOther = Dissolves in aq. acids, alcohols, acetone, ether, acetates, amides
Insoluble in ethanol
| Solubility1 = 8.4498 g/L (0.1 molH2SO4/LH2O)
25.44 g/100 g (13 °C)
31.56 g/100 g (24.5 °C)
127.01 g/100 g (96 °C){{cite web|last = Anatolievich|first = Kiper Ruslan|url = http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=1253|title = silver sulfate|access-date = 2014-07-19}}
| Solvent1 = sulfuric acid
| Solubility2 = 7.109 g/L (0.5 nEtOH/H2O)
| Solvent2 = ethanol
| Solubility3 = 7.857 g/L (0.5 nAcOH/H2O)
| Solvent3 = acetic acid
| MeltingPtC = 652.2-660
| BoilingPtC = 1085
| BoilingPt_notes = decomposition
| SolubilityProduct = 1.2·10−5{{CRC90}}
| RefractIndex = nα = 1.756
nβ = 1.775
nγ = 1.782
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = Orthorhombic, oF56{{cite book|title = Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns|section = 13|first1 = Marlene C.|last1 = Morris|first2 = Howard F.|last2 = McMurdie|first3 = Eloise H.|last3 = Evans|first4 = Boris|last4 = Paretzkin|first5 = Johan H. de|last5 = Groot|first6 = Camden R.|last6 = Hubbard|first7 = Simon J.|last7 = Carmel|publisher = Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards|place = Washington|date=June 1976|volume = 25}}
| LattConst_a = 10.2699(5) Å
| LattConst_b = 12.7069(7) Å
| LattConst_alpha = 90
}}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| HeatCapacity = 131.4 J/mol·K
}}
| Section5 =
| Section6 =
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS09}}{{Sigma-Aldrich|id = 204412|name = Silver sulfate|accessdate = 2014-07-19}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|318|410}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|273|280|305+351+338|501}}
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 1
}}
}}
Silver sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula Ag2SO4. It is a white solid with low solubility in water.
Preparation and structure
image:Silver(I)-sulfate-xtal-2x2x2-3D-sf-v2.png
Silver sulfate precipitates when an aqueous solution of silver nitrate is treated with sulfuric acid:
:{{chem2 | 2 AgNO3 + H2SO4 -> Ag2SO4 + 2 HNO3 }}
It is purified by recrystallization from concentrated sulfuric acid, a step that expels traces of nitrate.{{cite book |author1=O. Glemser |title=Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. |author2=R. Sauer |publisher=Academic Press |year=1963 |editor=G. Brauer |volume=2pages=1042 |place=NY, NY |chapter=Silver Sulfate}}
Silver sulfate and anhydrous sodium sulfate adopt the same structure.{{cite journal |doi=10.1524/zkri.1932.82.1.161 |title=Note on the Crystal Structure of Silver Sulphate, Ag2SO4 |year=1932 |last1=Zachariasen |first1=W. H. |journal=Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials |volume=82 |issue=1–6 |pages=161–162 |s2cid=101362527 }}
Silver(II) sulfate
The synthesis of silver(II) sulfate (AgSO4) with a divalent silver ion instead of a monovalent silver ion was first reported in 2010{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1002/anie.200906863| pmid = 20084660| year = 2010| last1 = Malinowski | first1 = P.| last2 = Derzsi | first2 = M.| last3 = Mazej | first3 = Z.| last4 = Jagličić | first4 = Z.| last5 = Gaweł | first5 = B.| last6 = Lasocha | first6 = W.| last7 = Grochala | first7 = W.| title = Ag(II)SO(4): A Genuine Sulfate of Divalent Silver with Anomalously Strong One-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Interactions.| volume = 49| issue = 9| pages = 1683–1686| journal = Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English | doi-access = free}} by adding sulfuric acid to silver(II) fluoride (HF escapes). It is a black solid that decomposes exothermically at 120 °C with evolution of oxygen and the formation of the silver(I) pyrosulfate.
:{{chem2 | AgF2 + H2SO4 -> AgSO4 + 2 HF }}
:{{chem2 | 4 AgSO4 -> 2 Ag2S2O7 + O2 }}
References
{{reflist}}
{{Silver compounds}}
{{Sulfates}}
{{sulfur compounds}}