Simhah ben Samuel of Vitry#Machzor Vitry

Machzor Vitry contains decisions and rules concerning religious practise, besides responsa by Rashi and other authorities, both contemporary and earlier. The work is cited as early as the 12th century in Jacob Tam's Sefer ha-Yashar (No. 620) as having been compiled by Simchah; and the sources from which the compiler took his material—the Seder Rav Amram, the Halachot Gedolot, and others—also are mentioned. Isaac ben Samuel, a grandson of Simchah, also refersresponsum No. 835, in Mordechai, on Mo'ed Katan to Machzor Vitry compiled by his grandfather.

Various additions were afterward made to this machzor, a large proportion of which, designated by the letter {{Script/Hebrew|ת'}} (= "tosafot"), are by Isaac ben Dorbolo. The latter often appends his name to such additions; and in one place he says plainly: "These explanations were added by me, Isaac b. Dorbolo; but the following is from the Machzor of R. Simchah of Vitry himself".Machzor Vitry, p. 244 Other additions are by Abraham ben Nathan, author of Ha-Manhig, and are designated by the letters {{Script/Hebrew|אב"ן}}, his initials.

Several manuscripts of Machzor Vitry are extant, the oldest of which, according to Abraham BerlinerIn his additions to Hurwitz's introduction to Machzor Vitry (p. 172 is from Isaac Samuel Reggio, currently in the Jewish Theological Seminary of America library (NY JTS 8092).[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0013_0_13037.html MAḤZOR VITRY] in Jewish Virtual Library It contains Machzor Vitry proper without any additions. A second manuscript, in the Bodleian Library, Oxford (Neubauer, Cat. Bodl. Hebr. MSS. No. 1100), is said to have marginal annotations by Eleazar ben Judah, author of the Sefer ha-Rokeach (Michael, Or ha-Chayim. No. 1214). The third manuscript is in the British Library (Cod. Add. Nos. 27,200 and 27,201), and contains still other additions; this manuscript served as basis for S. Hurwitz's edition of Machzor Vitry published by the Meḳiẓe Nirdamim Society (Berlin, 1893). The edition is very faulty, as the editor used no critical judgment in his work; instead of the original treatises it contains some from the Sefer ha-Terumah of Baruch ben Isaac and from the Eshkol of Ravad.Machzor Vitry, pp. 752 et seq. A fourth manuscript is in Parma - Biblioteca Palatina Parm. 2574 (DeRossi cat. no. 159),{{cite book | last1=Zwiep | first1=Irene E. | last2=Schrijver | first2=E. | last3=Hoogewoud | first3= F. J. | title= Omnia in Eo: Studies on Jewish Books and Libraries in Honour of Adri Offenberg, Celebrating the 125th Anniversary of the Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana in Amsterdam | publisher= Peeters Publishers | date=2006 | page=155 | isbn= 9789042919082 }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=ik8gzux-ySgC&dq=vitry+parma&pg=PA155 Footnote 18] last access 2014-09-04 which appears to be of similar age to the Reggio manuscript.

Two recently published papers suggest that another manuscript (MS ex- Sassoon 535) is earlierS. Stern and J. Isserles, "[https://www.academia.edu/5080327/The_Astrological_and_Calendar_Section_of_the_Earliest_Mahzor_Vitry_Manuscript_MS_ex-_Sassoon_535_ The Astrological and Calendar Section of the Earliest Mahzor Vitry Manuscript ( MS ex- Sassoon 535)]", Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism, 15.2 (2015), pp. 199-318. (mid-12th century),

and that there are in fact a corpus of thirteen extant Mahzor Vitry manuscripts.see J. Isserles, "Mahzor Vitry: A Study of Liturgical-Halakhic Compendia from Medieval Franco-Germany", Jewish History 35 (2021), pp. 1-29.

The Klagsbald (MS ex-Sassoon 535),{{Cite web |title=מחזור ויטרי |url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001341500205171&SearchTxt=%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%20%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99 |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=www.nli.org.il |language=en}} British Library (Cod. Add. Nos. 27,200 and 27,201),{{Cite web|title=British Library|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/mahzor-vitry-add-ms-27200---27201|access-date=2021-12-08|website=www.bl.uk}} JTS (NY JTS 8092),{{Cite web|title=מחזור ויטרי NY JTS 8092|url=https://web.nli.org.il/sites/NLI/English/digitallibrary/pages/viewer.aspx?&presentorid=MANUSCRIPTS&docid=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001112520205171-1#%7CFL25514310|access-date=2021-12-09|website=web.nli.org.il}} Moscow (Guenzburg 481),{{Cite web |title=מחזור ויטרי |url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001465590205171 |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=www.nli.org.il |language=en}} and Paris (AIU H133){{Cite web |title=Paris (F), Bibliothèque de l'Alliance Israélite Universelle, H 133 - Notice Medium (édition avancée) |url=http://medium-avance.irht.cnrs.fr/Manuscrits/Voir?idFicheManuscrit=100088970 |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=medium-avance.irht.cnrs.fr}} manuscripts are digitized and available online. The others are found in libraries.

Machzor Vitry contains many prayers and liturgical poems (piyyutim), which are distributed throughout the work. Besides these scattered poems the British Library manuscript has (pp. 239–260) a collection of piyyutim which was published by Brody under the title Kontres haPiyyutim. (Berlin, 1894). In the published edition of this Machzor there is also a commentary on the Pesach Haggadah, which, however, does not agree with that by R. Simchah b. Samuel of Vitry printed at Vilna in 1886. The latter commentary, which agrees with the one cited by Abudraham as being found in Machzor Vitry, was taken from a manuscript of that machzor—probably from the parchment copy owned by the Vilna Gaon,Rav Pe'alim, p. 19 although no particular manuscript is mentioned in the Vilna edition itself.

The published edition of Machzor Vitry also contains a commentary on Pirkei Avot. This commentary is found in the British Library manuscript, but in neither of the others. It is really a commentary by Jacob ben Samson, the pupil of Rashi,concerning whom compare Schechter, Einleitung zu Abot des R. Natan, p. ix. amplified in the present Machzor. Many midrashic sayings, which are cited as such in Machzor Vitry, have been preserved in that work alone. Thus the passage cited (p. 332) from the Midrash Tehillim is no longer found in the present midrash of that name. Likewise there are found in Machzor Vitry citations from the Jerusalem Talmud which are lacking in the existing editions of the latter.

Machzor Vitry was published in 1891 by Mekitze Nirdamim.{{cite web|url=http://hebrewbooks.org/49459 | title= מחזור ויטרי| language=he}} A new edition, based on Cod. Add. Nos. 27,200-27,201, Sassoon-Klagsbald 535, NY JTS 8092, Ginzberg 481, Bodleian 1100, Bodleian 1101, and Bodleian 1102 was published by Aryeh Goldschmidt between 2003 and 2009.{{WorldCat|oclc=55970778|name=Mạhzor Ṿiṭri}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.bl.uk/hebrew-manuscripts/articles/the-mahzor-vitry-of-the-british-library|title = The Maḥzor Vitry of the British Library (Add MS 27200-Add MS 27201)}}

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{{JewishEncyclopedia|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?letter=S&artid=785|article=Simhah b. Samuel of Vitry}}

• S. Hurwitz, Einleitung und Register zum Machzor Vitry, with additions by A. Berliner, Berlin, 1896–1897;
• A. Epstein, in Monatsschrift, 1897, pp. 306–307;
• idem, in R. E. J. 1897, pp. 308–313;
• Heimann, Michael Joseph (1891). Or ha-Ḥayyim. Frankfort-on-the-Main. No. 1214.

• Ernst Daniel Goldschmidt (1972), [https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0013_0_13037.html Machzor Vitry], Encyclopedia Judaica; via Jewish Virtual Library
• [https://www.bl.uk/hebrew-manuscripts/articles/the-mahzor-vitry-of-the-british-library The Maḥzor Vitry of the British Library]

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