Similkameen River

{{Short description|River in North America, through southern British Columbia and north central Washington state}}

{{Infobox river

| name = Similkameen River

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| image = Similkameen River.jpg

| image_caption = The Similkameen River near Keremeos

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| subdivision_type1 = Country

| subdivision_name1 = Canada, United States

| subdivision_type2 = State

| subdivision_name2 = Washington

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| subdivision_type4 = Province

| subdivision_name4 = British Columbia

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| length_km = 197

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| basin_size_km2 = 7600

| basin_size_ref = {{cite web|url=http://www.nwcouncil.org/fw/subbasinplanning/okanogan/plan/EntirePlan.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102010953/www.nwcouncil.org/fw/subbasinplanning/okanogan/plan/EntirePlan.pdf|archive-date=2013-01-02|title=Okanogan Subbasin Plan }}

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The Similkameen River runs through southern British Columbia, Canada, eventually discharging into the Okanagan River near Oroville, Washington, in the United States.{{GNIS|1525806|Similkameen River}}{{BCGNIS|20491| Similkameen River}} Through the Okanagan River, it drains to the Columbia River. The river is said to be named for an indigenous people called Similkameigh, meaning "treacherous waters".{{cite book|last=Bright|first=William|authorlink=William Bright|title=Native American placenames of the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5XfxzCm1qa4C&pg=PA444|accessdate=14 April 2011|year=2004|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-3598-4|page=444}}

The river is dammed by the Enloe Dam, a hydroelectric power project near Oroville. Construction on the dam began in 1916 and was completed in 1923.

History

The first mention of the Similkameen by a European was by Alexander Ross. While on a trading expedition, he travelled by way of the "Similkameigh River." Sir George Simpson used the name "Similkameigh" for one of the groups part of the Okanagan Nation. The transition from Similkameigh to Similkameen may have been inspired by the name of the Tulameen River despite being etymologically incorrect. The name Similkameigh comes from a now-extinct language of Nicola-Similkameen, of the Athapascan languages, and is believed to mean "Salmon River."{{cite book |last1=V. |first1=G.P. |last2=Akrigg |first2=Helen B. |title=British Columbia Place Names |url=https://archive.org/details/britishcolumbiap0000akri_w1q9 |url-access=registration |date=1997 |publisher=UBC Press |location=Vancouver |isbn=0-7748-0637-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/britishcolumbiap0000akri_w1q9/page/244 244] |edition=Third}}

Geography

=Course=

The river's beginning is at Nordheim Peak, on the east flank of Manning Park, about {{convert|10.3|km|abbr=on}} north of Allison Pass and flows past the settlements of East Gate, Princeton, Hedley, Keremeos, and Cawston, closely followed by Highway 3, the Crowsnest Highway. About {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} upstream from Princeton, the river drops over Similkameen Falls. Numerous viewpoints of the river occur from the highway, the most popular being Bromley Rock, where swimming in the river from a spectacular sandy beach is possible. In a typical Okanagan, BC summer, the water is warm and fantastic for swimming. It contributes 75% of the flow of the Okanogan River and crosses the international border at Nighthawk, Washington.

=Flow=

The United States Geological Survey maintains a stream gauge at river mile 15.8, just upstream from the Oroville–Tonasket Irrigation District canal intake. The river's discharge (flow) at this point averages {{convert|2283|cuft/s|m3/s}}, with a recorded maximum of {{convert|45800|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} and minimum of {{convert|65|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}.{{cite web |title= Water resources data for the United States, Water Year 2010; gage 12442500, Similkameen River near Nighthawk, WA |publisher= USGS |url= http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2010/pdfs/12442500.2010.pdf|accessdate=14 April 2011}}

=Enloe Dam=

The Enloe Dam, completed in 1923, is located just above the river's mouth.{{cite web |url=http://www.columbia-institute.org/similkameen/enloe/dam.html |title=Dam |accessdate=2011-09-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725185458/http://www.columbia-institute.org/similkameen/enloe/dam.html |archivedate=2011-07-25 }} The river, after flowing over the dam, drops over Coyote Falls. Because there are no fish ladders at the site of the Enloe dam, fish passage and salmon runs are stopped from going farther north and into British Columbia.{{cite web|url=https://www.columbiana.org/pages/SimilkameenRiver.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329175115/www.columbiana.org/pages/SimilkameenRiver.html|archive-date=2022-03-29|title=Similkameen River}}{{cite web|url=https://www.river-management.org/assets/Hydro/RoundIII/BLM/similkameen%20river%20wa%20-%20enloe%20license%20summary%20p-12569.pdf|title=Similkameen River Wa - Enloe License Summary p-12569.pdf}}{{Cite web|url=https://westernlaw.org/defending-wildlands/clean-free-flowing-rivers/restoring-similkameen-river-removing-enloe-dam-wa/|title = Restoring the Similkameen River by Removing Enloe Dam| date=14 September 2015 }}{{Cite web|url=https://vancouversun.com/news/call-to-break-u-s-dam-so-salmon-can-return-to-similkameen-river-in-b-c|title = Call to break U.S. Dam so salmon can return to Similkameen River in B.C.}}

=International=

File:Cliffs near Nighthawk WA.jpg]]

The Similkameen River subject to international water-sharing agreements governed by the International Joint Commission as part of the Columbia Basin. The authority responsible for overseeing the IJC agreements is the International Osoyoos Lake Board of Control, composed of appointees from Environment Canada, the BC Ministry of Water, Land Air Protection, the US Army Corps of Engineers, the US Geological Survey, and private consultants.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ijc.org/php/publications/pdf/ID1574.pdf|title=Annual Report to the International Joint Commission from the International Osoyoos Lake Board of Control, 2004|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906185821/www.ijc.org/php/publications/pdf/ID1574.pdf|archive-date=2018-09-06}}