Simon & Halbig

Bisque or biscuit porcelain is unglazed porcelain with a matte finish, giving it a realistic skin-like texture.{{Cite book|last= Christopher |first= Catherine |title= The complete book of doll making and collecting |publisher= Dover Publications |year= 1971 |pages=187–190 |isbn= 0-486-22066-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nerxX-ZBRloC&pg=PA187 | accessdate=February 8, 2010}} It is usually tinted or painted a realistic skin color. The bisque head is attached to a body made of cloth or leather, or a jointed body made of wood, papier-mâché or composition, a mix of pulp, sawdust, glue and similar materials.{{cite web|url=http://collectdolls.about.com/od/dollcollectingglossary/g/composition.htm?rd=1|title=Glossary of Doll Collecting Terms -- Composition|author=Denise Van Patten|work=About|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216001057/http://collectdolls.about.com/od/dollcollectingglossary/g/composition.htm?rd=1|archivedate=2008-12-16}} Many, like Simon & Halbig, came from the Thuringia region, which has natural deposits of the clay used to make the dolls.{{cite web|url=http://collectdolls.about.com/library/weekly/aa033199.htm?rd=1|title=A Brief History of Antique Dolls, Part II |publisher=}}

Simon & Halbig was known for excellent sculpting of their doll heads, and the high quality of their bisque (porcelain).{{cite book|last=Foulke|first=Jan|title=Simon & Halbig Dolls: The Artful Aspect|publisher=Hobby House Press|date=December 1, 1984|isbn=978-0875882192}}

German childlike dolls were predominantly produced between 1890 and 1930.

Examples of these dolls can be found in the Barry Elder collection in the Judges' Lodgings Museum, LancasterJudges' Lodgings, Lancaster Description Panel

Simon & Halbig was founded in 1869 and began making dolls in their two porcelain factories in Gräfenhain and Hildburghausen in Thuringia, Germany.

In 1902 they started a co-operation with Kämmer of Kämmer & Reinhardt in which Kämmer modelled heads and the firm produced them. The heads of the dolls completed by Kämmer & Reinhardt, attached to bodies and legs of more durable composition, were stamped with the marks of both firms. In 1920, Simon & Halbig was bought by Kämmer & Reinhardt, who continued to produce dolls until 1932. The factory became known as Keramisches Werk Gräfenhain.{{cite web|url=https://www.dollreference.com/simon-halbig-dolls-german/|title=Simon & Halbig Dolls|publisher=dollreference.com|accessdate=4 October 2014}}

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;American firms

• Arranbee Doll Company
• Bawo & Dotter
• George Borgfeldt
• Edison Phonograph Toy Manufacturing Company
• Gimbel Brothers
• Strobel & Wilken
• John Wanamaker

;German firms

• C.M. Bergmann
• Gebrüder Bing
• Carl Bergner
• Cuno & Otto Dressel
• Eekhoff
• Hamburger & Co
• Heinrich Handwerck
• Adolf Hülß
• {{ill|Kämmer & Reinhardt|de}}
• Louis Linder & Sohn
• Franz Schmidt
• FAO Schwarz
• Schoenau & Hoffmeister
• Wagner & Zetzsche
• Welsch & Co
• Wiesenthal, Schindel & Kallenberg
• Adolf Wislizenus

;French-German firms

• Fleischmann & Bloedel

;French firms

• Jumeau
• Roullet & Decamps
• S.F.B.J.

{{cite web|url=https://www.sammeln-sammler.de/puppen/simon-halbig/|title=Simon & Halbig Puppen|last=Breiding|first=Hans-Georg|publisher=sammeln-sammler.de|language=de|accessdate=27 September 2018}}

• Bisque doll

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Category:Doll manufacturing companies

Category:1839 establishments in the German Confederation

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