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Siphoviridae#Taxonomy

{{Short description|Family of viruses}}

{{Virusbox

| image = BacteriophageHK97.jpg

| image_caption = TME picture of an Escherichia virus HK97 virion, Siphoviridae

| taxon = Siphoviridae

| synonyms = * Styloviridae

| synonyms_ref ={{cite journal|last1=Safferman|first1=R.S.|last2=Cannon|first2=R.E.|last3=Desjardins|first3=P.R.|last4=Gromov|first4=B.V.|last5=Haselkorn|first5=R.|last6=Sherman|first6=L.A.|last7=Shilo|first7=M.|title=Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses of Cyanobacteria|journal=Intervirology|volume=19|issue=2|pages=61–66|doi=10.1159/000149339 |year=1983 |pmid=6408019 |doi-access=free}}

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision = see text

}}

Siphoviridae was a family of double-stranded DNA viruses in the order Caudovirales. The family Siphoviridae and order Caudovirales have now been abolished, with the term siphovirus now used to refer to the morphology of viruses in this former family. Bacteria and archaea serve as natural hosts. The family had 1,166 species, assigned to 366 genera and 22 subfamilies.{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/142.html|publisher=ExPASy|access-date=1 July 2015}}{{cite web |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |date=March 2021 |access-date=12 May 2021}} The characteristic structural features are a non-enveloped head and non-contractile tail.

Structure

File:Siphoviridae.svg

Viruses in the former family Siphoviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and head-tail geometries (morphotype B1) or a prolate capsid (morphotype B2), and T=7 symmetry. Their diameters are around 60 nm. Members of this family are also characterized by their filamentous, cross-banded, non-contractile tails, usually with short terminal and subterminal fibers. Genomes are double stranded and linear, around 50 kb in length.

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. Replication follows the replicative transposition model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by -1 ribosomal frameshifting, and +1 ribosomal frameshifting. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and holin, endolysin, or spanin proteins. Bacteria and archaea serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.

Taxonomy

File:Siphovirus.tiff. In the lower image PAD25 is adhering to bacterial cell debris, and two phages have lost their heads.{{cite journal |vauthors=Lood R, Mörgelin M, Holmberg A, Rasmussen M, Collin M |title=Inducible Siphoviruses in superficial and deep tissue isolates of Propionibacterium acnes |journal=BMC Microbiol. |volume=8 |pages=139 |year=2008 |pmid=18702830 |pmc=2533672 |doi=10.1186/1471-2180-8-139 |doi-access=free }}]]

The following subfamilies are recognized:

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The following genera are unassigned to a subfamily:

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References

{{Reflist|2}}

External links

{{Wikispecies}}

  • [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/142.html Viralzone: Siphoviridae]
  • [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp ICTV]
  • [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/GenomesGroup.cgi?taxid=10699 Complete Genomes of Siphoviridae]

{{Baltimore classification}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q6808}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}

Category:Virus families