Sir John Eardley-Wilmot, 1st Baronet

{{Short description|British politician and colonial administrator (1783–1847)}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| honorific-prefix=Sir

| name =John Eardley-Wilmot

| honorific-suffix={{post-nominals|country=GBR|Bt|FRS}}

| image =John Eardley Wilmot.jpg

| birth_date ={{Birth date|df=yes|1783|2|21}}

| birth_place =London, England,
United Kingdom

| death_date ={{death date and age|df=yes|1847|2|3|1783|2|21}}

| death_place =Hobart, Van Diemen's Land

| spouse =Elizabeth Emma Parry & Elizabeth Chester

| order =6th Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land

| term_start =21 August 1843

| term_end =13 October 1846

| successor =William Denison

| predecessor =John Franklin

|}}

Sir John Eardley Eardley-Wilmot, 1st Baronet {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}} (21 February 1783 – 3 February 1847) was a politician in the United Kingdom who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for North Warwickshire and then as Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's Land (later called Tasmania).{{Dictionary of Australian Biography|First=John Eardley|Last=Eardley-Wilmot|shortlink=0-dict-biogWe-Wy.html#wilmot2}}

Biography

Eardley-Wilmot was the son of John Eardley Wilmot (1748–1815), barrister, and grandson of Sir John Eardley Wilmot, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. He was educated at Harrow School, called to the bar in 1806, appointed High Sheriff of Warwickshire in 1818 or 1819{{cite book| title= The New Monthly Magazine, Volume 12 |page= 375|year = 1818}} and created a baronet in 1821{{cite book |date=28 July 1821| title=The London Gazette|chapter=John Eardley Eardley Wilmot granted title of Baronet on 27 July 1821 | location=London |page=1555|url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/17730/pages/1555}} and in 1822 published An Abridgment of Blackstone's Commentaries. This was followed in 1827 by A Letter to the Magistrates of England on the Increase of Crime, by Sir Eardley Eardley-Wilmot, Bart. F.R.S., F.L.S. and F.S.A. He was a member of the House of Commons, representing North Warwickshire from 1832 until March 1843. In 1840 he attended an international meeting on 12 June 1840 on anti-slavery. A large painting in the National Portrait Gallery records that event and Eardley-Wilmot is shown with Dr Stephen Lushington, a judge, behind the main speaker.[http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/portrait.asp?LinkID=mp00069&rNo=0&role=sit# National Portrait Gallery, London] accessed 14 July 2008

File:Stephen Lushington John E E Wilmot.jpg and Eardley-Wilmot at the 1840 meeting on anti-slavery (Detail from a larger painting).]]

Eardley-Wilmot was appointed lieutenant-governor of Van Diemen's Land, and arrived at Hobart on 17 August 1843. He probably owed his position to the interest he had taken in the subject of crime; his plea that prisoners under the age of 21 should be segregated and a special endeavour made to reform them suggests that he was in advance of his period.

Soon after his arrival he came into conflict with one of the judges by reprieving a prisoner sentenced to be hanged. His justification was that he would not inflict death for offences not on the records of the court, and that in this case only robbery had been proved. He visited various parts of the island and seemed likely to be a popular governor. Many prisoners were arriving, expenses were rising, and the governor was much hampered by instructions received from the colonial office. In 1844 Eardley-Wilmot suggested that the 1842 Act (setting a £1 per acre minimum land price) should not apply in Van Diemen's Land – to which the British government agreed in 1845. He endeavoured to raise the duties on sugar, tea and other foreign goods, but the opposition from the colonists was great and the new taxes were withdrawn. The colonial office was unable to understand that convict labour could not be made to pay its way, and Wilmot was made responsible for the faults of a system he had no power to amend. He endeavoured to save expenses by reducing salaries of officials, but the chief justice for one denied the power of the council to reduce his salary. Six members of the council objected to the form of the estimates and withdrew from the council which reduced the number present below a quorum, and much public feeling arose against the governor.

In April 1846 Wilmot was recalled. The official statements relating to his recall were of the vaguest character, such as that he had not shown "an active care of the moral interests involved in the system of convict discipline". Privately Gladstone, the new colonial secretary, informed Wilmot that he had not been recalled for any errors in his official capacity, but because rumours about his moral character had reached the colonial office. There was no truth in these charges nor was there time for Wilmot to receive any reply to his indignant denials and requests for the names of his accusers. He died on 3 February 1847, worn-out by worry and anxiety. Gladstone endeavoured to make some amends in a letter to one of Wilmot's sons.

Wilmot married first Elizabeth Emma, daughter of Caleb Hillier Parry in 1808 and then Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Robert Chester in 1819. There were sons and daughters of both marriages, including John's successor, Sir John Eardley-Wilmot, 2nd Baronet, and the clergyman Edward Revell Eardley-Wilmot. There is a monument in memory of Wilmot at Hobart, erected by public subscription.

Wilmot features as a main character in T. S. Flynn's historical novel Part an Irishman: The Regiment.

Memorials

The locality of Wilmot in Tasmania was named for him.{{cite web |url=https://eprints.utas.edu.au/22682/3/dennison-L-Z-opt.pdf |title=Where in Tasmania? L-Z|page=90|author=CJ Dennison |date= 1994|publisher=University of Tasmania |access-date=29 March 2020 }}

References

Michael Roe, '[http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A010329b.htm Eardley-Wilmot, Sir John Eardley (1783–1847)]', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Vol. 1, Melbourne University Press, 1966, pp 345–346
{{Rayment-bt|date=March 2012}}
{{Rayment-hc|date=March 2012}}