Sirius (synchrotron light source)

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}

{{Infobox particle accelerator

| name = Sirius

| image = Ministro_participa_da_inauguração_do_acelerador_de_partículas_Sirius._(30970744907).jpg

| caption = Sirius synchrotron lightsource building completed in November 2018

| type = diffraction-limited storage ring

| beam =

| target =

| energy = 3 GeV

| current = 350 mA (currently 200 mA in top-up mode)

| brightness =

| luminosity =

| length =

| radius =

| circumference = 518,4 m

| location = Campinas

| coordinates = {{coord|22|48|28|S|47|03|09|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}

| institution = Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron

| dates =

| preceded = UVX

| succeeded =

}}

Sirius is a diffraction-limited storage ring synchrotron light source at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. It has a circumference of {{convert|518.4|m|ft}}, a diameter of {{convert|165|m|ft}}, and an electron energy of 3 GeV. The produced synchrotron radiation covers the range of infrared, optical, ultraviolet and X-ray light.

Costing R$1.8 billion, it was funded by the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (Brazil) and the São Paulo Research Foundation. Discussion started in 2008, and initial funding of R$2 million was granted in 2009. Construction started in 2015, and was finished in 2018. The first electron loop around the storage ring was achieved in November 2019.{{Cite web |date=25 November 2019 |title=First electron loop around Sirius' storage ring |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/news/first-electron-loop-around-sirius-storage-ring/ |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=LNLS}} Its first experiments were made during COVID-19 pandemic at MANACÁ beamline, dedicated to macromolecular crystallography.{{Cite web |date=7 November 2020 |title=First experiments are carried out on Sirius |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/news/first-experiments-are-carried-out-on-sirius/ |website=LNLS}}

Sirius is the second synchrotron lightsource constructed in Brazil. The first one, UVX, was a second-generation machine operated by LNLS from 1997 to 2019.{{cite web |title=UVX Synchrotron Light Source – LNLS |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/uvx-en/ |website=lnls.cnpem.br}}

File:Sirius Synchrotron Entrance.jpg

History

In 2008, LNLS former director José Antônio Brum asked for a preview of a new accelerator, which was then shown to the minister of science Sérgio Machado Rezende. Construction began in 2014 under the Dilma Rousseff government. Sirius is the second operational particle accelerator in Brazil, the first one being the [https://lnls.cnpem.br/uvx-en/ UVX.].

The first part of the complex was inaugurated on 14 November 2018 by then-president Michel Temer, and included the main building and two of the three accelerators. The second part included the third accelerator, the storage ring and the commissioning of the first beamlines. Sirius currently operates at 100mA in top-up mode{{Cite web |title=Sirius begins operating in top-up mode, ensuring more stable beamlines – LNLS |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/sirius-updates/sirius-begins-operating-in-top-up-mode-ensuring-more-stable-beamlines/ |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=lnls.cnpem.br}} and has 6 beamlines open to external researchers.

Characteristics

Sirius is used to understand the atomic structure of molecules, which can help in the development of new drugs, new materials used in construction, oil exploration and in many other areas. The 68,000-square-meter building houses a ring-shaped, circumferential 500-meter facility. To protect people from the radiation released by machine operation, designed to be the most advanced of its kind in the world, the whole is shielded by 1 kilometer of concrete walls. Around R$1.8 billion were invested in the project, which makes it the most ambitious scientific project ever made in Brazil.

Beamlines

Currently, Sirius has 9 operational beamlines, 1 in scientific commissioning, 2 in the assembly phase and 1 the design phase.{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Sirius Beamlines |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/beamlines/ |website=LNLS}}

class="wikitable"

|+

!Beamline

!Main Technique

!Energy Range

!Status

CARNAÚBA{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Carnaúba Beamline |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/facilities/carnauba-en/ |website=LNLS}}

|X-Ray Nanoscopy

|2.05 - 15 keV

|Operational

CATERETÊ{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Cateretê Beamline |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/facilities/caterete-en/ |website=LNLS}}

|Coherent and Time-resolsed X-ray Scattering

|3 - 24 keV

|Operational

CEDRO{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Cedro Beamline |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/facilities/cedro-en/ |website=LNLS}}

|Circular Dichroism

|3 - 9 eV

|Operational

EMA{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Ema Beamline |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/facilities/ema-en/ |website=LNLS}}

|X-ray Spectroscopy and Diffraction in Extreme Conditions

|2.7 - 30 keV

|Operational

IMBUIA{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Imbuia Beamline |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/facilities/imbuia-en/ |website=LNLS}}

|Infrared Micro and Nanospectroscopy

|70 meV - 400 meV

|Operational

IPÊ{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Ipê Beamline |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/facilities/ipe-en/ |website=LNLS}}

|Resonant Inelastic X-ray scattering and Photoelectron spectroscopy

|100 - 2000 eV

|Operational

JATOBÁ{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Jatobá Beamline |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/facilities/jatoba-en/ |website=LNLS}}

|Full X-ray Scattering and PDF Analysis

|40 - 70 keV

|Design

MANACÁ{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Manacá Beamline |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/facilities/manaca-en/ |website=LNLS}}

|Macromolecular Micro and Nanocrystallography

|5 - 20 keV

|Operational

MOGNO{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Mogno Beamline |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/facilities/mogno-en/ |website=LNLS}}

|X-ray Micro- and Nanotomography

|22 | 39 | 67.5 keV

|Operation

PAINEIRA{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Paineira Beamline |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/facilities/paineira-en/ |website=LNLS}}

|Powder X-ray Diffraction

|5 - 30 keV

|Operational

QUATI{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Quati Beamline |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/facilities/quati-en/ |website=LNLS}}

|X-ray Spectroscopy with Temporal Resolution

|4.5 - 35 keV

|Assembly

SABIÁ{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Sabiá Beamline |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/facilities/sabia-en/ |website=LNLS}}

|Soft X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Imaging

|100 - 2000 eV

|Operational

SAPÊ{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Sapê Beamline |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/facilities/sape-en/ |website=LNLS}}

|Angle-Resolved PhotoEmission Spectroscopy

|8 - 70 eV

|Commissioning

SAPUCAIA{{Cite web |date=31 July 2023 |title=Sapucaia Beamline |url=https://lnls.cnpem.br/facilities/sapucaia-en/ |website=LNLS}}

|Small Angle X-ray Scattering

|6 - 17 keV

|Assembly

References

{{Reflist|40em|refs=

{{cite news|title=Novo acelerador de partículas será inaugurado em 2018, em Campinas|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ciencia/2015/01/1577001-novo-acelerador-de-particulas-sera-inaugurado-em-2018-em-campinas.shtml|work=Folha de S.Paulo | date=19 January 2015 | language=pt-BR}}

{{cite news|title=[revista piauí] A aposta do superacelerador|url=http://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/a-aposta-do-superacelerador/|work=revista piauí|date=14 August 2017|language=pt-BR}}

}}