Sixteen Arhats

{{short description|List of the Buddha's disciples in South and East Asian tradition}}

File:16 Arhats.aka.Luohans.a.k.a.Juroku Rakan.wittig.collection.detail.edited.working.print.01..jpg

The Sixteen Arhats (Chinese: 十六羅漢, pinyin: Shíliù Luóhàn, Rōmaji: Jūroku Rakan; Tibetan: གནས་བརྟན་བཅུ་དྲུག, "Neten Chudrug") are a group of legendary Arhats in Buddhism. The grouping of sixteen Arhats was brought to China, and later to Tibet, from India. In China, an expanded group of Eighteen Arhats later became much more popular, but worship of the sixteen Arhats still continues to the present day in China, Japan and Tibet. In Japan sixteen Arhats are particularly popular in Zen Buddhism, where they are treated as examples of behaviour.[https://books.google.com/books?id=LVT-QciZp8oC&pg=PA168 Manual of Zen Buddhism Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki p.168] In Tibet, the sixteen Arhats, also known as sixteen sthaviras ('elders') are the subject of a liturgical practice associated with the festival of the Buddha's birth,[http://www.lotsawahouse.org/tibetan-masters/jamyang-khyentse-wangpo/sixteen-arhats Translation of the prayer to the sixteen arhats (Lotsawa House)] composed by the Kashmiri teacher Shakyahribhadra (1127-1225).[http://www.dechenfoundation.org/resources/the-life-of-shakyashri-bhadra/ The life of Shakyashribhadra (Dechen)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112154431/http://www.dechenfoundation.org/resources/the-life-of-shakyashri-bhadra/ |date=2014-11-12 }} They are also well represented in Tibetan art.[http://www.himalayanart.org/search/set.cfm?setID=108 The sixteen arhats in Tibetan art (himalayanart.org)]

The sixteen Arhats are:

class="wikitable"
Sanskrit	Chinese !Pinyin	Rōmaji	Tibetan	Tibetan pronunciation
Piṇḍola Bhāradvāja	賓度羅跋囉惰闍尊者 |Bīndùluóbáluōduòdū zūnzhě	Bindorabaradaja sonja	བྷ་ར་དྭ་ཛ་སོ་ཉོམ་ལེན	Bharadwadza Sönyom Le
Kanakavatsa	迦諾迦伐蹉尊者 |Jiānuòjiāfácuō zūnzhě	Kanakabassa sonja	གསེར་གྱི་བེའུ	Sergyi Be'u
Kanaka Bhāradvāja/Kanaka	迦諾迦跋釐堕闍尊者 |Jiānuòjiābálíduòdū zūnzhě	Kanakabarudaja sonja	བྷ་ར་དྭ་ཛ་་གསེར་ཅན	Baradwadza Serchen/Serchen
| Subinda/Abhedya	蘇頻陀尊者 |Sūpíntuó zūnzhě	Sobinda sonja	མི་ཕྱེད་པ	Michepa
| Nakula/Bakula	諾距羅尊者 |Nuòjùluó zūnzhě	Nakora sonja	བ་ཀུ་ལ	Bakula
| Śrībhadra/Bhadra	跋陀羅尊者 |Bátuóluó zūnzhě	Badara sonja	བཟང་པོ	Pal Zangpo
| Mahākālika/Kālika	迦哩迦尊者 |Jiālījiā zūnzhě	Karika sonja	དུས་ལྡན	Düden Chenpo
| Vajriputra	伐闍羅弗多羅尊者 |Fádūluófúduōluó zūnzhě	Bajarafutara sonja/Bajarahottara sonja	རྡོ་རྗེ་མོའི་བུ	Dorje Möbu
| Gopaka/Jīvaka	戎博迦尊者 |Róngbójiā zūnzhě	Jubaka sonja	སྦྱེ་བྱེད་པ	Bé Chépa
| Panthaka	半託迦尊者 |Bàntuōjiā zūnzhě	Hantaka sonja	ལམ་བསྟན	Lamchenten
| Rāhula	囉怙羅尊者 |Luōhùluó zūnzhě	Ragora sonja	སྒྲ་གཅན་འཛིན	Drachen Dzin
| Nāgasena	那伽犀那尊者 |Nàjiāxīnà zūnzhě	Nagasaina sonja	ཀླུ་སྡེ	Lü Dé
| Aṅgaja	因掲陀尊者 |Yīnjiētuó zūnzhě	Ingada sonja	ཡན་ལག་འབྱུང	Yenlak Jung
| Vanavāsin	伐那婆斯尊者 |Fánàpósī zūnzhě	Banabashi sonja	ནགས་ན་གནས	Nagnanepa
| Ajita	阿氏多尊者 |Āshìduō zūnzhě	Ajita sonja	མ་ཕམ་པ	Ma Phampa
| Cūḍapanthaka/Kṣudrapanthaka	注荼半吒迦尊者 |Zhùtúbànzhājiā zūnzhě	Chudahantaka sonja	ལམ་ཕྲན་བསྟན	Lamtren Ten

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File:清 石濤 (朱若極) 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153727.jpg

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File:Arhats Rahula, Cudapanthaka, and Pindola FS-7620 05.jpg|Arhats Rahula, Cudapanthaka, and Pindola

File:Arhats Kanakavasta, Vajriputra, Kanaka-Bharadvaja, and Bhadra FS-7620 09.jpg|Arhats Kanakavasta, Vajriputra, Kanaka-Bharadvaja, and Bhadra

File:Arhats Ajita, Kalika, and Vanavasin FS-7620 03.jpg|Arhats Ajita, Kalika, and Vanavasin

File:Arhats Panthaka, Nagasena, Gopaka, and Abheda, from a six-part set of Arhat Immortal Thangkas FS-7619 08.jpg|Arhats Panthaka, Nagasena, Gopaka, and Abheda

File:十六罗汉图因揭陀尊者.jpg|Painting of Ańgaja (Yīnjiētuó zūnzhě), out of a set depicting the sixteen arhats, by Guanxiu.9th - 10th century. China.

File:宋 金大受 十六罗汉图 因揭陀尊者.jpg|Song dynasty painting of Ańgaja (Yīnjiētuó zūnzhě), out of a set depicting the sixteen arhats. China. Currently held in the Tokyo National Museum.

File:宋 金大受 十六罗汉图 戎博迦尊者.jpg|Song dynasty painting of Gopaka/Jīvaka (Róngbójiā zūnzhě), out of a set depicting the sixteen arhats. China. Currently held in the Tokyo National Museum.

File:Japanese - Covered Box in the Shape of Sixteen Arhats in a Begging Bowl - Walters 5394.jpg|Covered Box in the Shape of Sixteen Arhats in a Begging Bowl

File:Mitsutera Obinzuru1.jpg|Pindolabharadrāja (Binzuru) statue in Mitsu-tera Temple, Osaka, Japan.

File:Ingada Sonja.jpg|Ańgaja (Ingada sonja) holding a stupika in his right hand. Musée Guimet.