Social media use by Barack Obama

File:Twitter activity of Barack Obama.png

File:Michelle and Barack Obama embrace.jpg after she had introduced him at a 2012 election campaign event in Davenport, Iowa. The campaign tweeted a similar photograph from the campaign photographer on election night, and many people thought it was taken on election day.]]{{Update|part=section|date=April 2023|reason=2012 election use needs updating}}

Barack Obama's Twitter account (@BarackObama) is the official account on social networking site Twitter for former President of the United States Barack Obama.{{cite news|url= https://www.academia.edu/35311502|author= Gautreaux, R|title= Framing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act:A Content Analysis of Democratic and Republican Twitter Feeds|date= 2016|access-date= March 26, 2020|archive-date= November 20, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201120195817/https://www.academia.edu/35311502/Framing_the_Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act_A_Content_Analysis_of_Democratic_and_Republican_Twitter_Feeds|url-status= live}} Obama also used the White House's Twitter account (@WhiteHouse) and the @POTUS account, which was created in May 2015.{{Cite news |date=May 18, 2015 |title=Obama gets his account on Twitter: 'It's Barack. Really!' |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-obama-twitter-idUSL1N0Y915O20150518 |access-date=2015-05-21}} {{as of|2024|7|12|df=US}}, @BarackObama is the most-followed politician and second most-followed person on Twitter with over 131 million followers.{{cite web |date=June 14, 2012 |title=Barack Obama (timeline) |url=https://twitter.com/#!/BarackObama |access-date=2022-08-06 |publisher=Twitter}}

Obama has used Twitter to promote legislation and support for his policies, as well as respond to the public regarding current political issues like the economy and employment. As a major political figure with a presence on the platform, Obama became the subject of various debates on Twitter.{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/grassley-axelrod-resort-to-name-calling-on-twitter-over-obama-court-comments/|title=Grassley, Axelrod resort to name-calling on Twitter over Obama court comments|access-date=2012-06-08|date=April 8, 2012|publisher=FOX News}}{{cite web|url=https://dev.twitter.com/media/twitter-moments/government/axelrod-fehrnstrom|title=Obama & Romney Aides Duke It Out|access-date=2012-06-08|date=January 16, 2012|publisher=Twitter|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611160215/https://dev.twitter.com/media/twitter-moments/government/axelrod-fehrnstrom|archive-date=June 11, 2012|url-status=dead}} During Obama's 2012 presidential campaign, the rapidly-increasing audience on Twitter gave the platform a larger role in communication efforts than in the 2008 campaign.{{cite web|url=http://www.wxyz.com/dpp/news/science_tech/twitter-plays-outsize-role-in-2012-campaign-wcpo1336415661507|title=Twitter plays outsize role in 2012 campaign|access-date=2012-06-01|publisher=WXYZ|author=Fouhy, Beth|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525202951/http://www.wxyz.com/dpp/news/science_tech/twitter-plays-outsize-role-in-2012-campaign-wcpo1336415661507|archive-date=May 25, 2012|url-status=dead}}

File:20120614 @BarackObama Follower Chart.jpg

The @BarackObama account is among the top ten worldwide in both followers and followed accounts.{{cite web|url=http://twitaholic.com/|title=The Twitaholic.com Top 100 Twitterholics based on Followers|date=November 10, 2016|publisher=Twitaholic.com|access-date=2016-11-10}}{{cite web|url=http://twitaholic.com/top100/following/|title=The Twitaholic.com Top 100 Twitterholics based on Friends|access-date=2012-06-01|publisher=Twitaholic.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713231556/http://twitaholic.com/top100/following/|archive-date=July 13, 2016|url-status=dead}} At one point, the account held the record for following the most people.{{cite web |last=Bennett |first=Shea |title=President Obama Becomes Third Human, First Politician To Reach 10 Million Twitter Followers |url=http://www.mediabistro.com/alltwitter/barack-obama-twitter-10-million-followers_b13599 |access-date=2012-06-01 |publisher=MediaBistro.com}}{{cite web |last=Jackson |first=David |date=September 18, 2011 |title=Obama's Twitter-verse trails only Gaga, Bieber |url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2011/09/obamas-twitter-verse-trails-only-gaga-biebger/1 |access-date=2012-06-01 |work=USA Today}} On August 13, 2019, at 14:39 PDT, Obama's account overtook Katy Perry to become the most-followed person on Twitter with over 107 million followers.{{cite web|url=http://twittercounter.com/pages/100|title=The top 100 most followed on Twitter|date=June 14, 2012|publisher=Twittercounter.com|access-date=2012-06-14}}

During his 2008 campaign, the account was intermittently the world's most followed. In May 2010, Obama's Twitter account was the fourth most followed account, with about 4 million followers.{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/05/24/britney-spears-twitter-qu_n_586898.html|title=Britney Spears Is Twitter QUEEN: Ashton Kutcher Loses His Top Spot (PICTURES)|access-date=2012-05-28|date=May 24, 2010|work=Huffington Post| last = Bosker | first = Bianca}} By May 16, 2011, @BarackObama was followed by 7.4 million people, including twenty-eight world leaders.{{cite web|url=http://www.briansolis.com/2011/05/how-world-leaders-use-social-media-why-the-whitehouse-doesn%E2%80%99t-follow-barackobama-and-other-idiosyncrasies/|title=How World Leaders use Social Media: Why the @WhiteHouse doesn't follow @BarackObama & other idiosyncrasies|access-date=2012-06-01|date=April 16, 2011|publisher=Brian Solis | last = Lüfkens | first = Matthias}} His account became the third to reach 10 million followers on Twitter in September of 2011.{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Shea |date=2011-09-12 |title=President Obama Becomes Third Human, First Politician To Reach 10 Million Twitter Followers |url=https://www.adweek.com/performance-marketing/barack-obama-twitter-10-million-followers/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=www.adweek.com |language=en-US}}

File:Barack Obama tweeting on May 24, 2012 in response to hashtagged questions.jpgged questions]]

@BarackObama was launched on March 5, 2007, at 16:08:25.{{cite web|url=http://twitaholic.com/BarackObama/|title=Stats & Rankings for Barack Obama|access-date=2012-06-01|publisher=Twitaholic.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520053012/http://twitaholic.com/BarackObama/|archive-date=May 20, 2012|url-status=dead}} It is his official account, though he also tweeted through @WhiteHouse, the official account of the current presidential administration, while @BarackObama was mainly used by his campaign staff. @WhiteHouse predates the Presidency of Barack Obama, since it was created on April 21, 2007.{{cite web|url=http://twitaholic.com/whitehouse/|title=Stats & Rankings for White House|access-date=2012-06-01|publisher=Twitaholic.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509134854/http://twitaholic.com/whitehouse/|archive-date=May 9, 2012|url-status=dead}} Following the 2008 election, the Democratic National Committee was believed to have taken over Obama's official Twitter account; in a November 2009 speech, Obama stated "I have never used Twitter," although his account had over 2.6 million followers at the time.{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/washington/2009/11/obama-never-used-twitter.html|title=President Obama: 'I have never used Twitter'|access-date=2012-05-28|date=November 16, 2009|work=Los Angeles Times| last =Milian | first = Mark}}{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/54769-obama-i-have-never-used-twitter/|title=Obama: 'I have never used Twitter'|access-date=2012-05-28|date=November 16, 2009|work=The Hill| last = O'Brien | first = Michael}} In 2011, the @BarackObama account was stated to be "run by #Obama2012 campaign staff. Tweets from the President are signed -bo."{{Cite web |date=2011-06-18 |title=Obama to personally tweet from Twitter account |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna43451098 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702093947/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna43451098 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 2, 2022 |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=NBC News |language=en}} The first Tweet using Obama's initials was posted for Father's Day in 2011 with the message, "Being a father is sometimes my hardest but always my most rewarding job..."{{cite web|url=http://gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/obama-starts-tweeting-for-himself/|title=Obama Starts Tweeting for Himself|access-date=2012-06-01|date=June 20, 2011|work=The New York Times| last = Boutin | first = Paul}}

File:Twitter Town Hall audience.jpg's while seated]]

During his presidency, Obama held public forums in which he fielded questions posted on Twitter. On July 6, 2011, he participated in what was billed as "Twitter Presents Townhall @ the White House".{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2011/07/07/president-obama-twitter-town-hall-economy-jobs-deficit-and-space-exploration|title=President Obama @ Twitter Town Hall: Economy, Jobs, Deficit, and Space Exploration|access-date=2012-05-28|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|date=July 6, 2011}}{{cite web|url=http://askobama.twitter.com/|title=Twitter Presents Townhall @ the White House|access-date=2012-05-28|date=July 6, 2011|publisher=Twitter}} The event was held in the East Room of the White House and was streamed online. Only written questions on the site about the economy and jobs were accepted for oral response by Obama.{{cite magazine|url=https://newsfeed.time.com/2011/07/02/twitter-town-hall-wont-limit-president-obamas-answers/|title=Twitter Town Hall Won't Limit President Obama's Answers|access-date=2012-06-05|date=July 2, 2011|magazine=Time| last = Carbone | first = Nick}} His average responses were over 2000 characters long.{{cite web |author=Shear, Michael D. |date=July 6, 2011 |title=Obama Averaged 2,099 Characters in His Twitter Answers |url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/06/obama-averaged-2099-characters-in-his-twitter-answers/ |access-date=2012-06-05 |work=The New York Times}} Speaker of the United States House of Representatives John Boehner participated by tweeting "Where are the jobs?" to the hashtag #AskObama, and received a response from President Obama.{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/johnboehner/status/88618213008621568|title=@johnboehner status| last = Boehner | first = John|access-date=2012-06-05|date=July 6, 2011|publisher=Twitter}} The event was moderated by Twitter executive Jack Dorsey.{{cite web|url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/06/obama-takes-questions-from-his-tweeps/|title=Obama Takes Questions From His Tweeps|access-date=2012-06-05|date=July 6, 2011|work=The New York Times| last = Shear | first = Michael D.}} Dorsey said afterwards that Twitter received over 110,000 #AskObama-hashtagged tweets.{{cite video|people=Jack Dorsey|title=Impressions on the White House Twitter Townhall|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/photos-and-video/video/2011/07/08/impressions-white-house-twitter-townhall|date=July 8, 2011|via=National Archives|work=whitehouse.gov|access-date=July 10, 2011}} On May 24, 2012, Obama again responded to questions on Twitter about his administration's "Congress to-do list".{{cite tweet |author=White House Archived |user=ObamaWhiteHouse |number=205772255966396416 |date=May 24, 2012 |title=Let's try this: After I speak here in Iowa about clean energy jobs, I'll answer a few questions on #CongressToDoList. Ask w/ #WHChat -bo |language=en |access-date=December 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601211851/https://twitter.com/ObamaWhiteHouse/status/205772255966396416 |archive-date=June 1, 2021 |url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/24/barack-obama-twitter-chat_n_1544215.html|title=Barack Obama Twitter Chat: President Answers Questions on Twitter|access-date=May 26, 2012|date=May 24, 2012|work=Huffington Post| last = Klapper | first = Ethan}}

On July 29, 2011, during the United States debt-ceiling crisis, @BarackObama lost over 40,000 followers when the president urged Americans "to call, email and tweet Congressional leaders to 'keep the pressure on' lawmakers in hopes of reaching a bipartisan deal to raise the nation's $14.3 trillion debt limit ahead of an August 2 deadline."{{cite web|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-07-29/news/29848177_1_obama-s-twitter-barackobama-twitter-twitter-account|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012050933/http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-07-29/news/29848177_1_obama-s-twitter-barackobama-twitter-twitter-account|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 12, 2011|title=President Barack Obama takes debt battle to Twitter, loses more than 40,000 followers in one day|access-date=2012-05-28|date=July 29, 2011|work=Daily News|author=Mullany, Anjali}} During the day, he sent about 100 tweets that included the Twitter accounts of Congressional Republicans.{{cite web|url=http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/nilegardiner/100099148/barack-obama%E2%80%99s-vulgar-twitter-spamming-campaign-is-a-classless-act-of-desperation-by-the-us-president/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017155759/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/nilegardiner/100099148/barack-obama%E2%80%99s-vulgar-twitter-spamming-campaign-is-a-classless-act-of-desperation-by-the-us-president/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 17, 2011|title=Barack Obama's vulgar Twitter spamming campaign is a classless act of desperation by the US president |access-date=2012-06-01|date=July 30, 2011|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|author=Gardiner, Nile}} Later in 2011, Obama used Twitter again to try to encourage the people to voice their opinion on legislation when he was attempting to pass the American Jobs Act.{{cite web|url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/1u0/04/obama-campaign-takes-jobs-fight-to-twitter/|title=Obama Campaign Takes Jobs Fight to Twitter|access-date=2012-06-05|date=October 4, 2011|work=The New York Times|author=Shear, Michael D.}}File:Obama responding to tweets.jpg during the July 6, 2011 Twitter town hall meeting|alt=Barack Obama in a blue suit typing on computer at a podium while a white man in a light grey suit looks on]]

On January 5, 2009, @BarackObama was among several celebrity accounts that were hacked and domain hijacked.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/01/professed-twitt/|title=Weak Password Brings 'Happiness' to Twitter Hacker|access-date=2012-06-08|date=January 6, 2009|magazine=Wired|author=Zetter, Kim}}{{cite web|url=http://www.techdigest.tv/2009/01/britney_obama_a.html|title=Britney, Obama and Fox News' Twitter accounts get hacked|access-date=2012-06-08|date=January 6, 2009|work=Tech Digest|author=Geere, Duncan}} The hacker phished the password of a Twitter administrator's account, gaining access to other accounts to which he then changed the passwords, and subsequently offered access to accounts upon request at Digital Gangster. The case eventually led to a non-financial settlement with the Federal Trade Commission by Twitter.{{cite magazine |author=Zetter, Kim |date=June 24, 2010 |title=Twitter Settles with FTC Over 'Happiness' Breach |url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/06/twitter-settles-with-ftc/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=2012-06-08}}

On July 4, 2011, Obama was the subject of a death hoax on Twitter when Fox News' Politics Twitter account (@foxnewspolitics) was hacked. Initially, the hackers started their hoax messages with @BarackObama, thus only making the message appear in the Twitter timelines of those following Fox News and the Presidential account. Eventually, the hackers switched to hashtag references, increasing the visibility of their activities.{{cite magazine|url=https://techland.time.com/2011/07/04/obama-dead-hoax-sweeps-twitter-after-fox-news-feed-hack/|title='Obama Dead' Hoax Sweeps Twitter After Fox News Feed Hack|access-date=2012-06-08|date=July 4, 2011|magazine=Time|author=Turnbull, Giles}} Fox News acknowledged the breach and apologized.{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/foxnewspolitics-twitter-feed-hacked/|title=Foxnewspolitics Twitter Feed Hacked|access-date=2012-06-08|date=July 4, 2011|publisher=Fox News}}

The Barack Obama Facebook (@barackobama) is currently the official Facebook for the former president and was his Facebook during the campaign trail. At the peak of the Obama campaign, his Facebook account had around 3 million friends.Edelman Research, "The Social Pulpit," 2009, p. 3 In March 2007, the Barack Obama team created an interconnection between a user's account on Obama's official website and their Facebook account, so a user could publish activities via sending postings from one to another.Harfoush 2009. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=lqVFW1NZAIgC&dq=Barack%20Obama%20and%20twitter&pg=PA139 Social Networks]", pp. 139–140. Retrieved August 3, 2012, at Google Books.{{clarify|date=August 2012}} In 2008, the Obama presidential campaign spent $643,000 out of its $16 million Internet budget to promote his Facebook account.{{cite book|author1=Baumgartner|author2=Morris|chapter=Who Wants to Be My Friend?|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jmsi6IGcOr0C&q=Barack+Obama+facebook+%2416&pg=PA58|title=Communicator-In-Chief|year=2010|page=58|publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=9780739141052}} On June 17, 2008, after Hillary Clinton ended her campaign, the number of followers of Barack Obama's Facebook account increased to one million.{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jmsi6IGcOr0C&q=Barack+Obama+facebook+one+million&pg=PA57|author1=Baumgartner|author2=Morris|chapter=Who Wants to Be My Friend?|year=2010|page=57|title=Communicator-In-Chief|publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=9780739141052|access-date=August 3, 2012|via=Google Books}} Meanwhile, in addition to Facebook accounts of Barack and Michelle Obama and Joe Biden, the Obama team created ten Facebook accounts for "specific demographics, such as Veterans for Obama, Women for Obama, and African Americans for Obama."

Barack Obama created a Bluesky account (@barackobama.bsky.social) on March 23, 2025. One of his first few posts he made on the platform was a post celebrating the 15th anniversary of the Affordable Care Act.{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Sarah |date=2025-03-23 |title=Barack Obama joins Bluesky |url=https://techcrunch.com/2025/03/23/barack-obama-joins-bluesky/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}} The Bluesky account grew rapidly, becoming the 99th most-followed account on the platform in March 25.{{Cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Top 500 Bluesky Users |url=https://vqv.app/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=vqv.app |language=en}} As of March 29, 2025, it is the 83rd most followed account on Bluesky.

Obama's website was originally run by Chris Hughes, one of the three co-founders of Facebook.{{cite web |author=James Lewin |date=Jun 6, 2008 |title=Is Social Media Behind Barack Obama's Success? |url=http://www.podcastingnews.com/content/2008/06/is-social-media-behind-barack-obamas-success/}} Steve Spinner noted that while previous campaigns have used the internet, none had yet taken full advantage of social networking features.

According to Hughes, during the 2008 campaign, over two million accounts were created on the website to "organize their local communities on behalf of Barack Obama." He estimates that more than 200,000 events were organized through the website.{{cite web|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/153628/mybarackobamacom_stays_online.html|publisher=Computerworld|title=My.BarackObama.com Stays Online|author=Heather Havenstein}}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Members of the site could create blogs, post photos, and form groups through the website. During the 2008 campaign, 400,000 articles were written in blogs. Four hundred thousand videos that supported Obama were posted on YouTube via the official website. Thirty-five thousand volunteer groups were created. 70,000 people spent thirty million dollars on their fundraising webpages. In the final four days of the 2008 campaign, three million phone calls were made through the website's internet virtual phone.

President Barack Obama made a surprise half-hour visit to the social news website Reddit on August 29, 2012. Using an Ask Me Anything (AMA) format, the President garnered 3.8 million page views on the first page of his self-post. Users left 22,000 comments and questions for the President,{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/obama-on-reddit-by-the-numbers/2012/08/30/1965cd5c-f2a4-11e1-892d-bc92fee603a7_story.html|title=Obama on Reddit: By the numbers|author=Tsukayama, Hayley.|date=August 30, 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=2012-11-26}} 10 of which he answered.

In response to Obama's use of Reddit, many noted bypassing generally established mainstream media channels during the 2012 campaign in favor of less-filtered and closer forms of communication.{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/DC-Decoder/Decoder-Wire/2012/0829/Why-did-President-Obama-do-a-Reddit-Ask-Me-Anything|title=Why Did President Obama do a Reddit 'Ask Me Anything'?|author=Grier, Peter|date=August 29, 2012|work=CSMonitor.com|access-date=2012-11-26}} When asked why Obama logged on to Reddit, one campaign official responded "Because a whole bunch of our turnout targets were on Reddit."{{cite magazine|url=https://swampland.time.com/2012/11/07/inside-the-secret-world-of-quants-and-data-crunchers-who-helped-obama-win/print/|title=Inside the Secret World of the Data Crunchers Who Helped Obama Win|author=Scherer, Michael.|date=November 7, 2012|magazine=Time|access-date=2012-11-26}}

President Obama created an account on the blog website Tumblr (whitehouse.tumblr.com) in April 2013.{{Cite web |date=2013-04-26 |title=Launching the White House Tumblr |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2013/04/26/launching-white-house-tumblr |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=whitehouse.gov |language=en}} On June 10, 2014, Obama held his first Q&A session on Tumblr.{{Cite web |date=June 10, 2014 |title=In Case You Missed It: President Obama's Very First Tumblr Q&A |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2014/06/10/case-you-missed-it-president-obamas-very-first-tumblr-qa |website=whitehouse.gov}} The Atlantic thought that Obama got in touch with Tumblr users to prove that he is hip".{{Cite web |last=John |first=Arit |date=2014-06-10 |title=Did Obama Prove to Tumblr That He's Hip? An Investigation |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/did-obama-prove-to-tumblr-that-hes-hip-an-investigation/372534/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}} After the end of his presidency, the blog had been archived on obamawhitehouse.tumblr.com as of January 20, 2017.{{Cite web |last=obamawhitehouse |title=The Official White House Tumblr, The Official White House Tumblr |url=https://obamawhitehouse.tumblr.com/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=This is an archive of an Obama Administration account maintained by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For more information please visit...}} As with his other social media accounts, the White House Tumblr was passed on to President Trump.{{Cite web |last=Giaritelli |first=Anna |date=2016-10-31 |title=Obama giving away his social media followers - Washington Examiner |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/749994/obama-giving-away-his-social-media-followers/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |language=en-US}}

• Donald Trump on social media
• Fireside chats
• Social media and political communication in the United States

• {{cite book|title=Communicator-in-Chief: How Barack Obama Used New Media Technology to Win the White House|last1=Hendricks |first1= John Allen|last2= Denton | first2 = Robert E. Jr.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jmsi6IGcOr0C|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2010|isbn=978-0-7391-4107-6|location=Lanham, Maryland}}
• {{cite book | last1 = Baumgartner | first1 = Jody C. | last2= Morris | first2= Jonathan S. |chapter=Who Wants to Be My Friend?|year=2010|pages=51–66|title=Communicator-in-Chief}}
• {{cite book|year=2009|title=Yes We Did: An Inside Look at How Social Media Built the Obama Brand| last1 =Harfoush | first1 = Rahaf|publisher=New Riders—Peachpit|location=Berkeley, California|isbn=978-0-321-63153-4}}

{{reflist}}{{Barack Obama}}

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