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Socken

{{Short description|Part of a county in Sweden}}

{{About|the Swedish county subdivision|the professor|Paul G. Socken}}

{{globalize|article|date=January 2019}}

File:Ekers landskommun.jpg

Socken ({{IPA|sv|ˈsʊ̌kːɛn|lang}} or {{IPA|sv|ˈsɔ̌kːɛn|}}){{cite web|url=https://www.saob.se/artikel/?seek=socken&pz=1 |title="Socken" in Svenska Akademiens ordbok |access-date=2023-01-03}} is the name used for a part of a county in Sweden. In Denmark similar areas are known as sogn, in Norway sokn or sogn and in Finland pitäjä (socken). A socken is an rural area formed around a church, typically in the Middle Ages. A socken originally served as a parish. Later it also served as a civil parish or an administrative parish, and became a predecessor to today's municipalities of Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark. Today it is a traditional area with frozen borders, in Sweden typically identical to those of the early 20th century rural parishes. The socken also served as a registration unit for buildings, in Sweden recently replaced by identical districts as registration unit. A socken consists of several villages and industry localities (company towns), and is typically named after the main village and the original church.

Sweden

= History =

Socken, in old Swedish sokn (compare: Danish and bokmål sogn, nynorsk sokn) is an archaic name for the original country church parishes, kyrksocken. It also describes a secular area, a sockenkommun ("rural area locality") or a taxation area, a jordbokssocken.{{cite book|title=Svenska akademiens ordlista över svenska språket.|date=1998|publisher=Nordstedts ordbok|location=Stockholm|isbn=91-7227-032-2|page=876|edition=12 uppl.|series=Acta Academiae Regiae Gustavi Adolphi, 0065-0897; 57Studier till en svensk ortnamnsatlas, 99-0382294-4; 14|language=sv|url=http://libris.kb.se/bib/8372721|access-date=15 June 2014}}{{cite book|last1=Brink|first1=Stefan|title=Sockenbildning och sockennamn : studier i äldre territoriell indelning i Norden = Parish-formation and parish-names : studies in early territorial division in Scandinavia|date=1990|publisher=Gustav Adolfs akad.|location=Uppsala|isbn=91-85352-17-9|url=http://libris.kb.se/bib/7748329|access-date=15 June 2014}} In the Nordic countries a socken was an administrative area consisting of several villages or localities in much the same way as the civil parishes in England, but the concept is not used in reference to towns. A socken had a socken church, it was governed by a socken council and it was the predecessor to modern municipalities{{cite web|title=Svenska akademins ordbok|url=http://g3.spraakdata.gu.se/saob/|website=www.saob.se|publisher=Svenska Akademin|access-date=15 June 2014}}{{cite journal|last1=Brink|first1=Stefan|title=Sockenbildningen i Sverige.|journal=Kyrka och Socken I Medeltidens Sverige / Av Roger Andersson|date=1991|volume=Studier till Det medeltida Sverige, 0347-7495; 5|pages=113–142|url=http://libris.kb.se/bib/2513958|editor=Olle Ferm|isbn=91-7192-825-1|access-date=15 June 2014}}

In 1862, the kyrksockens ("church socken") and the sockenkommuns ("rural area locality") in Sweden were abolished as administrative areas during municipality reforms. The jordbrukssocken ("taxation area") remained in use until the Fastighetsdatareformen ("Reform for registration of real property") 1976–1995 was complete.{{cite web|title=Förordning (1983:594) om genomförande av fastighetsdatareformen|url=http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Dokument-Lagar/Lagar/Svenskforfattningssamling/Forordning-1983594-om-genom_sfs-1983-594/?bet=1983:594|website=www.riksdagen.se|publisher=Justitiedepartementet F2|access-date=15 June 2014}} No further alterations to the sockens was made after this.

On 1{{nbsp}}January 2016, a new administrative division and area for statistics, registration districts or simply districts, was introduced in Sweden. Geographically, the districts correspond with the parishes of the Church of Sweden as of 31{{nbsp}}December 1999. About 85% of the old sockens corresponds with the new districts.{{cite web|url=http://www.raa.se/aktuellt/om-aktuella-fragor/regeringsuppdrag/distriktsindelning-i-folkbokforingen/|title=Distriktsindelning i folkbokföringen|publisher=Swedish National Heritage Board|date=27 January 2015|access-date=23 May 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://rkrattsdb.gov.se/SFSdoc/15/150493.PDF|title=SFS 2015:493 Förordning om district|publisher=Swedish Code of Statutes|date=17 June 2015|access-date=23 May 2016}}{{cite web |url=http://www.lantmateriet.se/globalassets/om-lantmateriet/om-oss/dokument/2015/webb.lm.verksamhetsberattelse.2014.pdf |title=Nya folkbokföringsdistrikt |access-date=2016-05-23 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304234646/http://www.lantmateriet.se/globalassets/om-lantmateriet/om-oss/dokument/2015/webb.lm.verksamhetsberattelse.2014.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }} In: Lantmäteriet 2014. Lantmäteriet. accessdate=23 May 2016.

Even though the term socken is no longer used administratively in Sweden, it is still used for cataloging and registering historical archives (Swedish National Heritage Board), botany, dialect research, toponymy and by local historical societies. Socken is a convenient parameter for these purposes since it does not change with time.{{cite book|title=Förteckning över städer och socknar. D. 1, Alfabetisk och efter sockennummer|date=1999|publisher=Riksantikvarieämbetet|location=Stockholm|isbn=91-7209-149-5|edition=2., [rev,] uppl.|url=http://libris.kb.se/bib/2853951|access-date=15 June 2014}}

= Lists of sockens =

File:Skåne (Scania) landscape. Rapeseed field near Maria Park outside Helsingborg.jpg

File:Waves (3874805345).jpg

File:View of Lake Siljan.jpg

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book

|last=Almquist

|first=Johan Axel

|title=Den civila lokalförvaltningen i Sverige 1523–1630: med särskild hänsyn till den kamerala indelningen

|series=Meddelanden från svenska Riksarkivet, 99-0506720-5; 6

|date=1917–1923

|url=http://libris.kb.se/bib/8075391

|publisher=Norstedt

|location=Stockholm

|language=sv

|access-date=16 June 2014

}}

  • {{cite book

|last=Lagerstedt

|first=Torsten

|title=Den civila lokalförvaltningens gränser 1630–1952: kameral redovisning, areell beteckning och gränsförändring

|url=http://libris.kb.se/bib/191754

|series=Meddelanden från Kulturgeografiska institutionen vid Stockholms universitet, 0585-3508; B 24

|date=1973

|location=Stockholm

|language=sv

|access-date=16 June 2014

}}

  • {{cite journal |last1=Litzen |first1=Veikko |title=Om socken |journal=Historisk Tidskrift för Finland |date=1977 |language=sv |location=Helsinki |pages=331–335}}
  • {{cite journal |last=Svensson |first=Patric |title=Att skapa ordning och reda: administrativa förändringar på landsbygden omkring 1870–1940 |url=http://libris.kb.se/bib/3020706 |date=1999 |journal=Stationssamhällen |editor=Peter Aronsson & Lennart Johansson |language=sv |publisher=Växjö : Univ., 1999 |pages=146–154 |isbn=9789172661493 |access-date=16 June 2014}}

External links

  • [http://www.skatteverket.se/folkbokforing/sverigesforsamlingargenomtiderna.4.18e1b10334ebe8bc80003817.html Swedish Tax Agency, Parishes in Sweden, historical–current.]{{in lang|sv}}
  • [http://samla.raa.se/xmlui/bitstream/handle/raa/130/varia2011_43.pdf Swedish National Heritage Board, List of towns and sockens.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120130934/http://samla.raa.se/xmlui/bitstream/handle/raa/130/varia2011_43.pdf |date=2021-11-20 }}{{in lang|sv}}

{{Types of administrative country subdivision}}

{{Expand Swedish|Socken|date=June 2014}}

Category:Types of populated places

Category:History of Scandinavia

Category:Administrative divisions of Sweden