Sokolov Basin
{{Short description|Geomorphological region in the Czech Republic}}
{{Infobox mountain
|map_image=Sokolovska panev CZ I3B-2.png
|map_caption=Sokolov Basin in the geomorphological system of the Czech Republic
|photo=Sokolovská pánev (1).jpg
|photo_caption=Central part of the basin, Slavkov Forest in the background
|country=Czech Republic
|region_type=Regions
|region=Karlovy Vary
|parent=Podkrušnohorská Macroregion
|geology=
|period=
|area_km2=312
|orogeny=
|highest=Zelený vrch
|elevation_m=570
|coordinates =
|length_km=36
|range_coordinates = {{coord|15|14|N|12|45|E|region:CZ_type:mountain|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
}}
The Sokolov Basin or Falkenau Basin ({{langx|cs|Sokolovská pánev}}; {{langx|de|Falkenauer Becken}}, formerly also Falkenau-Elbogen-Karlsbader Becken) is a structural basin and geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic. It is located in the central part of the Karlovy Vary Region. It is named after the town of Sokolov. It is known for its deposits of lignite, which has been extracted here to a greater extent since the second half of 19th century.
Geomorphology
The Sokolov Basin is a mesoregion of the Podkrušnohorská Macroregion within the Bohemian Massif. It runs between two ranges: Ore Mountains in the north and Slavkov Forest in the south. It is no further subdivided into microregions.{{cite web |title=Geomorfologické celky a podcelky, pohoří v ČR|url=https://www.treking.cz/regiony/geomorfologicke-cleneni-ceske-republiky.htm|publisher=Treking.cz|language=cs|access-date=2023-02-24}}
The highest peak of the Sokolov Basin used to be Dvorský vrch with an elevation of {{convert|573|m|ft|abbr=on}}, but its top was mined away. Now the highest peak is Zelený vrch at {{convert|570|m|ft|abbr=on}}.{{cite web |title=Zelený vrch – v pánvi u Sokolova|url=https://www.michalzhor.cz/2020/01/22/zeleny-vrch-v-panvi-u-sokolova/|publisher=Michal Zhor|language=cs|date=2020-01-22|access-date=2023-02-24}}
Geography
The Sokolov Basin is {{cvt|36|km}} long, {{cvt|9|km|0|abbr=on}} wide, and has an area of {{cvt|312|sqkm|abbr=on}}.{{cite journal |first1=Petr|last1=Pauliš|first2=Petr|last2=Rojík|first3=Radana|last3=Malíková|first4=Ondřej|last4=Pour|first5=Svatopluk|last5=Civiš|title=Klinoptilolit-Na z uhelného lomu Družba v sokolovské pánvi (Česká republika)|url=https://publikace.nm.cz/file/c7c043a1aa2b1a29e96270e626dbc1a2/18801/W_303%20PaulisRojikMalikovaPourCivis_klinoptiolit_Sokolov.pdf|journal=Bulletin mineralogicko-petrologického oddělění Národního muzea v Praze|publisher=National Museum|language=cs|year=2014|volume=2|access-date=2023-02-24|issn=1804-6495}} The territory has an elongated shape from southwest to northeast.
The Ohře River flows across the entire territory and drains it. Smaller rivers, such as Svatava, Rolava and Bystřice, flow into it from the mountain ranges along the territory.
Suitable natural conditions contributed to the creation of many settlements in the Sokolov Basin. Most populous cities and towns in the territory are Karlovy Vary, Sokolov, Ostrov, Chodov and Nová Role.
Economy
The basin is known for lignite mining. It started here on a small scale around 1760 and fully developed after the construction of the railway in 1871. It experienced its peak in the second half of the 20th century, when mining took place mainly underground. Today, mining takes place in a surface mine.
Gallery
Jezero Medard od východu (1).jpg|Medard Lake
Jezero Medard Sokolovská pánev.jpg|Medard Lake and surrounding landscape
Sokolovská pánev lom Jiří.jpg|Jiří lignite mine
References
{{commons category|Sokolovská pánev|Sokolov Basin}}
{{reflist}}
{{authority control}}