Solar power in Switzerland

{{See also|Electricity sector in Switzerland}}

In 2021, Switzerland's photovoltaic (PV) installations increased to 685 MWp from 475 MWp in 2020. The Federal Energy Act, revised and effective from January 1, 2018, changed the support scheme for PV systems: it extended the one-time investment subsidy to all sizes of PV systems, ranging from 2 kW to 50 MW. Additionally, in 2022, the investment subsidy formula was updated to encourage investments in larger PV capacities and more efficient use of rooftop space.{{Cite web |title=National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Switzerland 2021 |url=https://iea-pvps.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/IEA-PVPS-National-Survey-Report-Switzerland-2021.pdf |website=International Energy Agency}}

The AlpinSolar project, comprising nearly 5000 solar panels on Switzerland's Lake Muttsee dam, harnesses high-altitude sunlight and snow cover to maximize energy production, particularly in winter. Completed in 2022, the installation has already commenced production at the site. Managed by Axpo, it generates about 3.3 million kilowatt hours annually, sufficient for 700 households. Switzerland's federal parliament amended the Energy Act in 2022 to expedite the approval process for new solar plants, reflecting a shift toward sustainable energy amid the country's nuclear phase-out.{{Cite web |date=2023-02-07 |title=Switzerland's solar dam: Sun and snow the perfect mix for green energy drive |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/switzerlands-solar-dam-sun-snow-perfect-mix-green-energy-drive-2023-02-06/ |website=Reuters}}

In a February 2023 press release, researchers from ETH Zurich and the University of Bern highlighted findings from a study on the economic viability of solar panel installations across 2,067 Swiss cities and communes. The study found that solar installations offer financial viability for slightly less than half of the single-family homes with gas heating, contingent on achieving a profitability threshold exceeding three percent over a 30-year period. The analysis took into consideration several key factors, including installation and maintenance costs, system performance, the tax rate, and the compensation rates for energy fed back into the grid.{{Cite web |date=2023-02-02 |title=Patchwork of issues limits solar expansion |url=https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2023/02/press-release-patchwork-of-issues-limits-solar-expansion.html |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=ethz.ch |language=en}}

In Switzerland, the price paid for solar energy added to the grid varies widely, ranging from less than 4 cents to as high as 21.75 cents per kWh in 2022 in one canton alone.{{Cite web |date=2022-07-15 |title=Price paid for solar electricity too low for many Swiss home owners |url=https://lenews.ch/2022/07/15/price-paid-for-solar-electricity-too-low-for-many-swiss-home-owners/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Le News |language=en-US}}

In 2022, Switzerland derived 6% of its electricity from solar power. Studies show that installing solar panels on mountaintops in the Swiss Alps could produce at least 16 terawatt-hours (TWh) a year, approaching half of the nation's 2050 solar energy target. Typically, solar panels in Switzerland are mounted on existing infrastructure like mountain huts, ski lifts, and dams, with larger-scale installations in the Alps remaining rare.{{Cite web |last=Bradley |first=Simon |date=2022-10-17 |title=Mountaintop solar farms spark tensions in Switzerland |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/sci-&-tech/mountaintop-solar-farms-spark-tensions-in-switzerland/47968044 |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=SWI swissinfo.ch |language=en-GB}}

On September 10, 2023, 54% of Valais voters rejected Alpine solar project proposals due to environmental and aesthetic concerns. This decision, opposed by the Swiss People's Party and environmental groups, suggests a preference for solar development in urban areas. Valais, known as one of Switzerland's sunniest regions suitable for solar parks, witnessed a significant vote that impacts the direction of renewable energy projects within the canton.{{Cite web |date=2023-09-11 |title=Swiss voters say 'no' to solar parks in the Valais Alps |url=https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/09/11/solar-offensive-swiss-voters-reject-plans-for-giant-solar-parks-in-unspoilt-alps |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=euronews |language=en}}

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|caption=Electricity sector in Switzerland, in 2021. Mostly carbon free with hydro (62%) and nuclear (29%).VSE, [https://www.strom.ch/de/energiewissen/produktion-und-handel/produktion-strommix], 2020

}}{{See also|Feed-in tariff|}}

The feed-in remuneration at cost (KEV, {{langx|de|Kostendeckende Einspeisevergütung}}{{Citation |title=Kostendeckende Einspeisevergütung (Schweiz) |date=2023-04-26 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kostendeckende_Einspeiseverg%C3%BCtung_(Schweiz)&oldid=233184006 |access-date=2024-02-18 |language=de}}) is a Swiss subsidy mechanism designed to support the production of electricity from renewable energy sources. Since January 1, 2009, producers of electricity from wind, small hydropower, biomass, photovoltaics (PV), or geothermal energy have been remunerated with a guaranteed tariff for the electricity they feed into the grid.{{Cite journal |last1=Schmid |first1=Benjamin |last2=Meister |first2=Thomas |last3=Klagge |first3=Britta |last4=Seidl |first4=Irmi |date=2020 |title=Energy Cooperatives and Municipalities in Local Energy Governance Arrangements in Switzerland and Germany |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1070496519886013 |journal=The Journal of Environment & Development |language=en |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=123–146 |doi=10.1177/1070496519886013 |issn=1070-4965 |via=Sage}} This compensation is provided as long as they are not on an extensive waiting list due to capacity constraints.

Initially, the tariff system for solar PV installations in Switzerland differentiated between rooftop, open-space, and building-integrated setups, with capacity-based rates. These rates were adjusted periodically to match solar PV pricing fluctuations. In 2014, a significant amendment introduced a one-time investment grant for small-scale rooftop installations, removing feed-in tariffs for installations below 10 kW. Owners of installations between 10 kW and 30 kW had the option to choose between the feed-in tariff and the investment grant. Subsequent modifications in 2015 standardized tariff rates for both rooftop and open-space installations.{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=The Design of the Swiss Feed-In Tariff |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-80787-0_5 |website=Springer Link|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-80787-0_5 |last1=Haelg |first1=Leonore |last2=Schmidt |first2=Tobias S. |last3=Sewerin |first3=Sebastian |pages=93–113 |isbn=978-3-030-80786-3 }}

As of February 2024, the Swiss Federal Office of Energy announced that feed-in remuneration at cost (KEV) subsidies, introduced in 2009 to promote electricity generation from renewable energies, are no longer available for new installations.{{Cite web|publisher=Swiss Federal Office of Energy |title=Feed-in remuneration at cost |url=https://www.bfe.admin.ch/bfe/en/home/foerderung/erneuerbare-energien/einspeiseverguetung.html |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=www.bfe.admin.ch |language=en}}

In Switzerland, the "Energy Strategy 2050" and a revised Federal Energy Act in 2017 have led to changes in the photovoltaic (PV) sector. Since January 1, 2018, adjustments include extending the one-time investment subsidy to all PV systems (2 kW to 50 MW) and gradually replacing the feed-in tariff scheme (KEV) with a market-aligned remuneration system. Systems below 100 kW receive only the one-time subsidy, and only PV projects announced before June 30, 2012, benefit from the original feed-in tariff. A new measure enables different end consumers to connect and act as a single consumer towards the local energy supplier, fostering collective self-consumption based on physical grid infrastructure. This initiative was updated in 2019 to enhance flexibility and attractiveness for investors.{{Cite web |title=National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Switzerland 2019 |url=https://iea-pvps.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/NSR_Switzerland_2019_v2.pdf |website=International Energy Agency}}

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|caption =Yearly Installation – Annually installed PV capacity in MW since 2009

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|caption =Total Capacity – Cumulative installed PV capacity in MW since 2009

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[[File:Europe WattPerCapita animated sequence 1992-2014.gif|thumb|left|European PV growth in watts per capita 1992–2014

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|caption =Growing number of solar gigawatt-markets

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• Energy in Switzerland

{{reflist}}

{{Solar power by country}}{{Renewable energy by country}}

Category:Energy in Switzerland