Somers-class destroyer

The five Somers class were built to round out the eight Porter-class 1850-ton destroyers to the London Naval Treaty tonnage limit of thirteen such ships, and were originally intended to be repeat Porters. However, controversial (for the time) high-pressure, high-temperature air-encased boilers derived from the ones installed in the modernized battleship {{USS|New Mexico|BB-40|2}} became available, and the class was built to a modified design by Gibbs & Cox. The new boilers allowed the use of a single stack. This combined with weight savings (including elimination of reload torpedoes) allowed an increase from two quadruple centerline torpedo tube mounts to three (versus the Porters). However, the Somers class were still over-weight and top-heavy. The resulting broadside of twelve torpedo tubes was the heaviest ever on a US destroyer; other classes ({{sclass|Gridley|destroyer|5}}, {{sclass|Bagley|destroyer|5}}, and {{sclass|Benham|destroyer|5}}) with sixteen torpedo tubes had an eight-tube broadside. Gun armament remained the same as the Porters, with eight 5-inch/38 caliber single purpose (anti-surface only) guns in four twin mounts. Two quadruple 1.1-inch machine cannon mounts were added to compensate for the lack of main battery anti-aircraft capability.

The Somers-class propulsion plant was the most advanced yet installed in a US Navy destroyer. Compared with the Porters, four Babcock & Wilcox boilers of a new air-encased design raised the design horsepower from {{convert|50000|shp|kW|lk=in}} to {{convert|52000|shp|kW}}. Steam conditions rose to {{convert|600|psi|abbr=on}}, superheated to {{convert|850|°F|abbr=on}} for the first time; this became standard for US warships built in the late 1930s and World War II. Boiler economizers were included for improved fuel efficiency. The main steam turbines were impulse-type (also called Curtis turbines) and included cruising turbines and double-reduction gearing.[http://destroyerhistory.org/assets/pdf/generalinformationbooks/381somers_GIBook.pdf USS Somers and USS Warrington General Information Book with as-built data] at [http://destroyerhistory.org/ Destroyer History Foundation] This increased the ships' range from {{convert|6380|nmi|lk=in}} to {{convert|7020|nmi}}.

File:USS Davis (DD-395) underway c1945.jpg

Like the Porters, the Somers class were originally built with eight Mark 12 5-inch/38 caliber guns in four Mark 22 single purpose (anti-surface only) twin mounts. Torpedo armament was increased to twelve {{convert|21|in|mm|adj=on|0}} tubes in three quad mountings on the centerline, but with no reloads. The Mark 15 torpedo was equipped.{{cite web | title = Torpedo History: Torpedo Mk 15 | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/museums/keyport/html/part2.htm | access-date = 2015-07-07 | archive-date = 15 September 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140915054904/http://www.history.navy.mil/museums/keyport/html/part2.htm | url-status = dead }} Anti-aircraft (AA) protection was initially provided by two quadruple 1.1-inch machine cannon mounts and two .50-caliber machine guns. The 1.1-inch mounts were intended to compensate for the 5 inch guns' lack of AA capability; in the 1930s two quad mounts were thought to be sufficient. During World War II, as with the Porters, the Somers-class main armament was reduced to six guns, with the light AA armament replaced by up to six 40 mm Bofors in twin mounts and several 20 mm Oerlikon guns by also landing a torpedo tube mount. On most ships four K-gun depth charge throwers were added to augment the as-built pair of depth charge racks. In Davis and Jouett the main armament was replaced by five dual-purpose guns in two twin and one single mount. Later in these two, the torpedo armament was eliminated along with two K-guns and one depth charge rack to maximize the number of 40 mm guns at 14, placed in two quad mounts and three twin mounts.

In 1941, all of the class were based in the Atlantic or Caribbean conducting Neutrality Patrols, during which Somers and the cruiser {{USS|Omaha|CL-4|2}} captured a German blockade runner, earning the last prize money ever awarded by the US Navy. In early 1942 Warrington and Sampson moved to the Southeast Pacific Area, escorting convoys from the Panama Canal to the Society Islands, along with patrols to ports in South America. These two transferred to the Southwest Pacific Area in mid-1943, with operations including the start of the Bougainville Campaign, a raid on New Ireland, and actions near New Guinea. Somers, Davis, and Jouett spent the first years of the war patrolling the Caribbean and South Atlantic, intercepting several German blockade runners and at least one U-boat ({{GS|U-128|1941|2}}) near Brazil. In January 1943 Somers relocated to Bathurst, Gambia to support the Roosevelt-Churchill-De Gaulle Casablanca Conference, later escorting the Free French warships {{ship|French battleship|Richelieu||2}} and {{ship|French cruiser|Montcalm|1935|2}} from Dakar, Senegal to the United States.

In May 1944 all of the class were transferred to the North Atlantic as part of the buildup for the invasion of Normandy, which Somers, Davis, and Jouett directly supported. Although Davis struck a mine and returned to the US for repairs, Somers and Jouett also supported the invasion of southern France in August, in which Somers sank two German vessels and engaged shore batteries. Warrington foundered in a hurricane near the Bahamas in September. The remainder of the class spent the rest of the war escorting convoys in the Atlantic and Mediterranean. Following the war, all were scrapped by 1947.

{{Commons category|Somers class destroyers}}

• {{sclass|Porter|destroyer|1}}

{{reflist|25em}}

• {{cite book | last = Bauer | first = K. Jack | author-link = K. Jack Bauer | author2=Roberts, Stephen S. | title = Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants | publisher = Greenwood Press | year = 1991 | location = Westport, Connecticut | isbn = 0-313-26202-0 }}
• {{cite book | last = Friedman | first = Norman | author-link = Norman Friedman | title = US Destroyers: An Illustrated Design History | publisher = Naval Institute Press | year = 2004 | location = Annapolis | isbn = 1-55750-442-3 | edition = Revised }}
• {{cite book | last = Gardiner | first = Robert | author2=Chesneau, Roger | title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946 | publisher = Conway Maritime Press | year = 1980 | location = London | isbn = 0-83170-303-2 }}
• {{cite book| title=U.S. Warships of World War II |author=Silverstone, Paul H. |publisher = Ian Allan Ltd |location = London |year=1965}}
• {{DANFS}}

• [http://destroyerhistory.org/goldplater/somersclass/ Somers-class destroyers] at [http://destroyerhistory.org/ Destroyer History Foundation]
• [http://www.destroyers.org/class-articles/DD-Classes/Intro-DD381.htm Tin Can Sailors @ Destroyers.org – Somers class destroyer article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043602/http://www.destroyers.org/class-articles/DD-Classes/Intro-DD381.htm |date=4 March 2016 }}
• [http://www.destroyers.org/Class/c-Somers.htm Tin Can Sailors @ Destroyers.org – Somers class destroyer specs]
• [http://destroyerhistory.org/assets/pdf/generalinformationbooks/381somers_GIBook.pdf USS Somers and USS Warrington General Information Book with as-built data] at [http://destroyerhistory.org/ Destroyer History Foundation]
• [http://destroyerhistory.org/goldplater/ "Goldplater" destroyers] at [http://destroyerhistory.org/ Destroyer History Foundation]
• [http://destroyerhistory.org/goldplater/1850ton/ 1850-ton leader classes] at [http://destroyerhistory.org/ Destroyer History Foundation]
• [http://www.navsource.net/archives/05idx.htm NavSource Destroyer Photo Index Page]

{{Somers class destroyer}}

{{WWII US ships}}

Category:Destroyer classes