Someshvara III
{{Short description|King of the Western Chalukya Empire}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Someshvara III
| reign = 1126–1138
| predecessor = Vikramaditya VI
| successor = Jagadhekamalla II
| death_date = 1138
| death_place =
}}
{{Chalukyas|Kalyani}}
File:Old Kannada inscription (1129 AD) at Kedareshvara temple in Balligavi.JPG, Karnataka state]]
Someshvara III ({{IAST3|Someśvara}}; {{reign|1126|1138 CE}}) was a Western Chalukya king (also known as the Kalyani Chalukyas), the son and successor of Vikramaditya VI. He ascended the throne of the Western Chalukya Kingdom in 1126 CE,{{Sfn|Snodgrass|2004|p=452}} or 1127 CE.
Someshvara III, the third king in this dynasty named after the Hindu god Shiva made numerous land grants to cause of Shaivism and its monastic scholarship.{{Sfn|Prabhavati C. Reddy|2014|pp=99-101}}{{cite news |title=नऊशे वर्षांपूर्वीचा शिलालेख जत तालुक्यात प्रकाशात |url=https://www.loksatta.com/maharashtra-news/an-inscription-of-about-900-years-ago-found-at-balgaon-in-jat-taluka-zws-70-2399904/ |access-date=28 March 2021 |work=Loksatta |date=13 February 2021 |language=mr-IN}} These monasteries in the Indian peninsula became centers of the study of the Vedas and Hindu philosophies such as the Nyaya school.{{Sfn|Prabhavati C. Reddy|2014|pp=99-101}} Someshvara III died in 1138 CE, and succeeded by his son Jagadekamalla.{{Sfn|Kincaid|Parasanisa|1918|pp=32-33}}
Someshvara was a noted historian, scholar, and poet.A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000 by E. Sreedharan, p.328-329, Orient Blackswan, (2004) {{ISBN|81-250-2657-6}} He authored the Sanskrit encyclopedic text Manasollasa touching upon such topics as polity, governance, astronomy, astrology, rhetoric, medicine, food, architecture, painting, poetry, dance and music – making his work a valuable modern source of socio-cultural information of the 11th- and 12th-century India.{{Sfn|Kincaid|Parasanisa|1918|pp=32-33}}{{Sfn|Banerji|1989|p=238}} He also authored, in Sanskrit, an incomplete biography of his father Vikramaditya VI, called Vikramankabhyudaya. His scholarly pursuits was the reason he held such titles as Sarvadnya-bhupa (lit, "the king who knows everything") and Bhulokamala ("the king who is lord of all living beings").{{Sfn|Kincaid|Parasanisa|1918|pp=32-33}}
The ''Manasollasa''
{{main|Manasollasa}}
Someshvara III is credited with composing {{IAST|Mānasollāsa}} ({{langx|sa|मानसोल्लास}}) (meaning "the refresher of the mind"{{Sfn|Snodgrass|2004|p=452}}) or the {{IAST|Abhilaṣitārtha Cintāmaṇi}} (the magical stone that fulfills desires). It is an encyclopedic work {{Sfn|Prakash|2005|p=302}} in Sanskrit. The treatise deals with a wide range of topics (100 topics{{Sfn|Prakash|2005|p=302}}), which include the approach to acquire a kingdom, methods of establishing it and royal enjoyment. It contains valuable information regarding Indian art, architecture, cuisine, ornaments, sports, music and dance.{{Sfn|Banerji|1989|p=238}} It includes recipes for the king's favorite dishes including several types of rice, vegetables, meats and various sweets. In addition to milk based sweets it includes recipes for fried sweets like golamu, pantua and gharika.{{cite book |last1=Krondl |first1=Michael |title=Sweet Invention: A History of Dessert |publisher=Chicago Review Press |pages=41–42}}
The ''Vikramankabhyudaya''
Vikramankabhyudaya, a text found in 1925, is a historical document written by Someshvara III, in the form of a biography of his father. The first chapter provides a detailed description of the geography and people of Karnataka, the second chapter explains the grandeur of Kalyan, the capital city of the Western Chalukya Empire. The long third chapter pertains to the history of the Chalukyas starting with a legendary story ending with the sixteenth year of Someshvara III's father, Vikramaditya VI reign when the latter began his war of victory, "Digvijaya".{{Sfn|Sreedharan2004|p=328}} However, the last chapter is incomplete as it terminates abruptly as: "The Brahmanas and the ladies on that day...."{{Sfn|Sreedharan2004|p=328}}
References
{{reflist}}
;Bibliography
- {{cite book|last= Banerji |first=Sures Chandra |title=A Companion to Sanskrit Literature: Spanning a Period of Over Three Thousand Years, Containing Brief Accounts of Authors, Works, Characters, Technical Terms, Geographical Names, Myths, Legends, and Several Appendices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkOAEdIsdUsC&pg=PA238|year=1989|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0063-2}}
- {{cite book|last1=Kincaid|first1=Charles| last2=Parasanisa|first2=Dattatraya| title=A history of the Maratha people| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xXwNjkn-HPsC&pg=PA33 |year=1918| publisher= Oxford University Press}}
- {{cite book|last= Prakash |first=Om |title=Cultural History of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzpYb5UOeiwC&pg=PA302|date=1 January 2005|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-81-224-1587-2}}
- {{cite book|author=Prabhavati C. Reddy|title=Hindu Pilgrimage: Shifting Patterns of Worldview of Srisailam in South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TkUsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99|year=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-80631-8}}
- {{cite book|last= Snodgrass |first=Mary Ellen |title=Encyclopedia of Kitchen History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IYeOAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT452|date=29 December 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1-135-45571-6}}
- {{cite book|last= Sreedharan |first=E. |title=A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJVoi3PIejwC|year=2004|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-2657-0}}
- Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat (2001). Concise History of Karnataka, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002). {{LCCN|80905179}}
- Dr. P. Arundhati (1994). Royal Life in Manasollasa, New Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan, {{ISBN|81-85067-89-9}}.
{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|title=Western Chalukya|before=Vikramaditya VI|after=Jagadhekamalla II |years=1126–1138}}
{{s-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Someshvara 03}}